biopsych- localisation of brain function

Question 1

what is localisation

Answer 1

localisation there suggests that certain areas of the brain are responsible for certain processes, behaviours and activities.

Question 2

what are brain hemispheres and hemispheric lateralisation

Answer 2

the brain is divided into two hemispheres the left and right
the dominance of one hemisphere of the brain for particular physical and psychological functions

Question 3

what three layers can the human bran be viewed as

Answer 3

The central core
The limbic system
The cerebrum

Question 4

what is the central code

Answer 4

This regulates our most primitive and involuntary behaviours such as breathing, sleeping or sneezing.
It is also known as the brain stem. It includes structures such as the hypothalamus-in the midbrain;
It regulates eating and drinking as well as regulating the endocrine system in order to maintain homeostasis.

Question 5

what’s the limbic system

Answer 5

Controls our emotions
around the central core of the brain, interconnected with hypothalamus, it contains structures such as the hippocampus; key roles in memory

Question 6

the cerebrum

Answer 6

This regulates our higher intellectual processes
it has an outermost layer known as the cerebral cortex; appears grey because of the location of cell bodies (hence “grey matter”

Question 7

what is the cerebral cortex

Answer 7

the area around your brain

Question 8

what are the four lobes that the brain is split into

Answer 8

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
pariental lobe
occipital lobe

Question 9

where is the motor area/motor cortex

Answer 9

in the back of your frontal lobe
this controls voluntary movement on the opposite side of the body eg left motor area controls movement in the right side of the body

Question 10

where is somatosensory cortex

Answer 10

front of left and right parietal lobe this is where sensory information from the skin is represented and receptors for our face and hands occupy over half of the somatosensory area

Question 11

where is our visual cortex

Answer 11

in our occipital lobe
each eye sends information from the right visual field to the left visual cortex, vice versa
eg damage to the left hemisphere can produce blindness in part of the right visual filed in both eyes

Question 12

where is our auditory area

Answer 12

in our temporal lobe damage hear can affect your auditory processing

Question 13

what are the two extra named areas

Answer 13

brochas area
vernickes area

Question 14

what Is brochas area

Answer 14

brooches area is in the left hand frontal lobe.

Lesions or damage in the brochas area can result in brochas aphasia, which is characterised by difficulty forming complete sentences and understanding sentences as well as failing to understand the order of words in a sentence and two they are directed towards
for example if they have a stroke

Question 15

what is wrniickes area

Answer 15

this is located in the left temporal lobe
the left temporal lobe is responsible fo speach comprehension
Lesions or damage can result in wernickes aphasia which is characterised by a lack of understanding and producing sentences that make sence and no understanding of wrong words

Question 16

name three supports for the idea of localisation

Answer 16

tulving(pet) and supported by Petersen
Phinneas gage=blasting rod
doughty-ocd

Question 17

what is tulvings supporting evidence

Answer 17

Tulving et al demonstrated, using PET scans, that semantic memories were recalled from the left prefrontal cortex. This shows that different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions, as predicted by localisation theory.

Question 18

who’s study further supported tulvings

Answer 18

Petersen (1988), who found that Wernicke,s area activation is required for listing tasks whereas brooks area is required for reading tasks whilst using a brain scan. This confirms the fact that wernickes area is involved in speech comprehension and brooks for language production

Question 19

what is phones gages supporting case study

Answer 19

Phineas Gage was injured by a blasting rod which interesected the left side of his face, tearing through his prefrontal cortex. his personality changed as a result

however it can be hard to make. general conclusion from this as the personality change may have been from the traumatic event itself not the brain damage

Question 20

what is the holistic view -

Answer 20

The holistic theory of brain function undermines that localisation of function occurs. Lashley (1950) conducted an animal study involving its and found that there was not specific areas involved in memory but instead memory was stored all over the brain this undermines the idea that specific parts of the brain person functions and is potentially invalid.
however there is a difference between rats and humans