Biomechanics

Question 1

What is biomechanics?

Answer 1

An application of engineering principles to biological systems

Question 2

What happens if the biological design does not address physical demands?

Answer 2

The organism fails

Question 3

What are the basic quantities?

Answer 3

Length (m)
Time (s)
Mass (kg)

Question 4

What is the definition of length?

Answer 4

Measurement of distance

Question 5

What is the definition of time?

Answer 5

Concept of flow of events

Question 6

What is the definition of mass?

Answer 6

Concept of inertia

Question 7

What are the derived quantities?

Answer 7

Velocity
Acceleration
Force
Density

Question 8

What is the definition of velocity?

Answer 8

Rate of change in an objects position

Question 9

What is the definition of acceleration?

Answer 9

Rate of change in its velocity

Question 10

What is the definition of force?

Answer 10

The effect of an object working on another with respect to mass and acceleration.

Question 11

What is the definition of density?

Answer 11

Mass per unit volume

Question 12

What is the calculation for velocity?

Answer 12

Velocity = Displacement / Time

Question 13

What is the calculation for acceleration?

Answer 13

Acceleration = velocity / time

Question 14

What is the calculation of force?

Answer 14

Force = mass x acceleration

Question 15

What is the calculation of density?

Answer 15

Density = mass / volume

Question 16

What are the three basic laws of forces?

Answer 16

Newton’s first law: Law of inertia
Newton’s second law: Law of motion
Newton’s third law: Law of action reaction

Question 17

What is the law of inertia?

Answer 17

Every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion until a force is applied upon it

Question 18

What happens in the law of inertia, when force is equal to friction?

Answer 18

No movement

Question 19

What happens in the law of inertia, when force is greater to friction?

Answer 19

Movement

Question 20

What is the law of motion?

Answer 20

An object’s acceleration is proportional to the force placed upon it

Question 21

What is the law of action reaction?

Answer 21

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Question 22

How can torques and levers be represented in vertebrates?

Answer 22

By the musculoskeletal system

Question 23

What is torque?

Answer 23

Is the amount of force around a central axis, fulcrum or pivot

Question 24

What is the lever arm?

Answer 24

Is the perpendicular distance between the force and the fulcrum

Question 25

Explain strength vs speed

Answer 25

If input forces and velocities remain the same but the lever arm ratio changes, the output forces and velocities will be altered

Question 26

What can muscle attachment have an impact on?

Answer 26

Force and velocity outputs

Question 27

When does muscle favour speed?

Answer 27

When the insertion is close to the site of rotation

Question 28

When does muscle favour strength?

Answer 28

When inserted further away from the site of rotation

Question 29

Where is vertebrate mass concentrated?

Answer 29

Around a central point, however, this point is movable depending on the mechanical situation

Question 30

Similarity and difference between air and water?

Answer 30

Both are fluids but with different viscosity

Question 31

What is drag?

Answer 31

When in motion, the forces acting in the opposite direction

Question 32

What does an animals design take into account?

Answer 32

Catching prey, avoid predators, process food and meet with mates

Question 33

How do you reduce friction drag?

Answer 33

By smooth surface

Question 34

How do you reduce pressure drag?

Answer 34

By streamlining of the animal

Question 35

What are the different uses of biomechanics?

Answer 35

``` Biomedical engineering, Clinical biomechanics, Sports biomechanics, Allometry, Comparative biomechanics, Physical ergonomics, Cellular biomechanics, Computational biomechanics and biofluid mechanics ```