BIOMECHANICAL FOR Flashcards
is based on the principles of anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system, kinetics, kinematics, and certain physiological processes
Biomechanical Frame of Reference
the study of how forces produce motion in body parts
kinetics
study of motion of body parts in time
kinematics
such as tissue healing, exercise physiology, and energy cost of activities as together
physiological processes
is the arc of motion through which a joint moves that is determined by the underlying structure of the joint (i.e., bones and ligaments) and the integrity of the surrounding capsule
Joint range of motion (ROM)
The PRIMARY FACTORS considered under the Biomechanical FOR
- Joint range of motion
- Muscle strength
- Endurance
is the ability to sustain muscle and cardiorespiratory activity and determines the extent to which a person can do tasks that make up occupations
Endurance
is the power of a muscle to resist movement
Muscle strength
A person is _______ when motion are intact and within normal limits for one’s age, gender, and physical characteristics to produce stability and movement.
functional
These compromised capacities considered under the Biomechanical FOR
(1) limitations in movement
(2) inadequate muscle strength
(3) decreased endurance
occurs when a person is unable to generate and/or sustain the stability or movement needed to perform their occupations due to compromised musculoskeletal capacities due to disease or trauma, or disuse or overuse
dysfunction
ROM is measured in degrees of movement using
goniometer
voluntarily done
active
an external force is moving the segment
passive
Muscle strength is normally tested as maximum tension produced under
voluntary control
The most commonly used assessment for strength is __________ wherein the therapist tests the ability of the person to produce resistance and/or movement under standardized circumstances.
manual muscle testing (MMT)
for grip strength
hand dynamometers
pinch strength
pinch gauges
can be compromised by inactivity, immobilization, cardiorespiratory deconditioning, muscular deconditioning, and diminished flexibility
Endurance
Endurance can be measured
dynamically or statically
can become a barrier to the use of biomechanical capacities for occupational performance
Pain
3 factors of endurance
intensity, duration, and frequency
may be reported through pointing, verbal expression, or marking areas in a diagram
Location
may be rated on a numerical or visual scale
Intensity
Interventions of Biomechanical FOR
- Establish and restore
- Maintain
- Prevent
of edematous body segments through wrapping or bandaging reduces edema associated
with limitations in ROM
Compression
through handling, bracing, or splinting facilitate functional movement
Positioning
are external devices that are applied to the body to immobilize, restrain, or support injured tissues
Splints and orthotics
through the full range of ROM is recommended twice daily
Active or passive movement
to create non-injurious tension on muscles and tendon can result to passive stretching of joint structures
Therapeutic handling or external devices
activities must be graded by positioning materials and equipment to demand greater reach in order to create challenge to the joint structures
active stretching
For some clients whose decreased motion is due to scar tissue or pain
physical agent modalities
is often used to stimulate muscle contractions and increase the firing of additional motor
units to increase strength
Resistance
are used to stress muscles to the point of fatigue
Exercises
