Bioloigy Unit 3- chapter 13

Question 1

what are the three parts of the DNA triangle?

Answer 1

1. chromosomal perspective
2. molecular perspective
3. informational perspective

Question 2

What is the Chromosomal perspective?

Answer 2

individual DNA molecules are packages with proteins into structures called chromosomes

Question 3

What is the molecular perspective?

Answer 3

DNA has a specific primary and secondary structure

Question 4

What is the informational perspective?

Answer 4

the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule matters, and each chromosome carries a unique set of information

Question 5

What is a genome?

Answer 5

the entire set of genetic information of a cell

Question 6

What is a chromosome?

Answer 6

the genome is separated into chromosomes

Question 7

What is a gene?

Answer 7

specific regions of a chromosome, contain the information to make a unique RNA

Question 8

What is a homolog (homologous chromosomes)

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cells that have multiple linear chromosomes arranged into pairs

Question 9

What is Ploidy?

Answer 9

number of copies of a particular chromosome type

Question 10

Eukaryotic cells are linear or circle

Answer 10

linear

Question 11

what is meiosis?

Answer 11

eukaryotic cell division
diploid into haploid

Question 12

Haploid number definition

Answer 12

the number of different types of chromosomes in a cell (n)

Question 13

diploid number definition

Answer 13

the number of chromosomes present in a diploid cell (2n)

Question 14

haploid definition

Answer 14

having one of each type of chromosome

Question 15

diploid definition

Answer 15

having two or more of each type of chromosome

Question 16

polyploid

Answer 16

having more than two of each type of chromosome: three, four, five, etc.

Question 17

homologous chromosomes

Answer 17

same size, color, and gene content (NOT identical)

Question 18

allele definiton

Answer 18

different versions (base pair sequence) of the same gene

Question 19

karyotype

Answer 19

number and types of chromosomes
2n= 12

Question 20

chromosome definition

Answer 20

structure made up of DNA and proteins, carries hereditary information

Question 21

sex chromosome definition

Answer 21

chromosome associated with an individual’s sex

Question 22

autosome definition

Answer 22

any chromosome other than sex chromosome

Question 23

why meiosis?

Answer 23

sexual reproduction: there would be too many chromosomes

Question 24

diploid and haploid cells with mitosis and meiosis

Answer 24

mitosis- eukaryotic cells dividing into two identical daughter cells (diploid cells dividing to make more diploid cells)
meiosis- diploid cells dividing twice to make haploid cells that will become gametes

Question 25

germ cells definition

Answer 25

cells capable of giving rise to gamete cells

Question 26

fertilization produces a ______

Answer 26

zygote (new diploid organism)