Biology Unit 2- Chapter 9

Question 1

what is the purpose of cellular respiration?

Answer 1

oxidize glucose to release ATP for the cell to use

Question 2

is the oxidation of glucose exergonic or endergonic?

Answer 2

exergonic

Question 3

what can the cell not do with the energy that is made through the process of cellular respiration?

Answer 3

the energy can not all be released at once

Question 4

what holds the high energy electrons?

Answer 4

NAD+ into NADH

Question 5

what are the five steps of cellular respiration?

Answer 5

1. glycolysis
2. pyruvate processing
3. citric acid cycle
4. electron transport
5. ATP synthase

Question 6

How many reactions occur in glycolysis?

Answer 6

10

Question 7

what are the first 5 steps of glycolysis?

Answer 7

energy investment (using ATP)

Question 8

what are the last 5 steps of glycolysis?

Answer 8

energy recovery phase (releasing ATP )

Question 9

how many ATP are invested into glycolysis and how many are released? What is the net gain?

Answer 9

2 used in the beginning
4 produced at the end
2 is the net gain of ATP

Question 10

what is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 10

in the active site of an enzyme, ADP binds to a substrate, this produces ATP

Question 11

how does the feedback inhibition work in glycolysis?

Answer 11

there are two binding sites for the ATP- one is a catalyst and the other is an allosteric inhibitor

Question 12

what is everything produced in glycolysis?

Answer 12

2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, and 2NADH

Question 13

where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 13

cytosol

Question 14

what is put into and produced from pyruvate processing?

Answer 14

two pyruvates in
acetyl COa, 2 NADH, and CO2 out

Question 15

where does pyruvate processing occur?

Answer 15

mitochondrial matrix

Question 16

what happens in pyruvate processing when three carbons in each pyruvate get oxidized?

Answer 16

they resort to NAD+ and NADH

Question 17

how many steps are in the citric acid (krebs) cycle?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

where does the krebs occur?

Answer 18

mitochondrial matrix

Question 19

how many of each is produced in CAC?
- two carbon acetyl
- CO2
- ATP
- NADH
- FADH

Answer 19

2 two carbon acetyl
4 CO2
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH

Question 20

where is the ATP produced from in CAC?

Answer 20

substrate level phosphorylation

Question 21

what are the allosteric inhibitors (feedback inhibitors)

Answer 21

NADH and ATP

Question 22

what happens at the end of the krebs cycle?

Answer 22

glucose is oxidized

Question 23

where does the energy transport system take place?

Answer 23

the cristae of the mitochondria

Question 24

what is the purpose of the energy transport system?

Answer 24

to get high energy elecrons from NADH and pass them to O2

Question 25

how is the energy transport system arranged?

Answer 25

arranged to each step is more electronegative then the last

Question 26

NADH contributed electrons to which complex

Answer 26

complex 1

Question 27

FADH contributed to which complex

Answer 27

complex 2

Question 28

what delivers electrons from complex 1 and 2 to complex 3?

Answer 28

coenzyme Q

Question 29

what delivers electrons from complex 3 to complex 4?

Answer 29

cyt C

Question 30

what is the final acceptor of electrons of electrons coming from complex

Answer 30

O2

Question 31

what is produced from complex 4?

Answer 31

water molecules

Question 32

what is ATP synthase?

Answer 32

using proton motive force to carry out chemiosmosis

Question 33

is there a higher concentration of protons in the inter membrane space or the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 33

intermembrane space

Question 34

is there a higher ph in the inter membrane space or the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 34

mitochondrial matrix

Question 35

is there a more positive charge in the inter membrane space or the mitochondrial matrix

Answer 35

inter membrane space

Question 36

what percent efficiency of cellular respiration?

Answer 36

31%

Question 37

what does catabolic mean and how does it relate to cellular respiration?

Answer 37

something large broke down into small- proteins broken down into amino acids

Question 38

what does anabolic mean and how does it relate to cellular respiration?

Answer 38

something small into something larger- fatty acids into phospholipids

Question 39

what is the alternative to cellular respiration?

Answer 39

Fermentation

Question 40

how does fermentation work?

Answer 40

allows cells to regenerate NAD+ from pyruvate so glycolysis can continue

Question 41

what are the two kinds of fomentation?

Answer 41

lactic acid fermentation- works by directly turning pyruvate into lactate alcohol fermentation- works by using Acetylaldehyde to turn pyruvate into ethanol