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Biology Unit 2 > Biology Unit 2- Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 2- Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the purpose of cellular respiration?

A

oxidize glucose to release ATP for the cell to use

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2
Q

is the oxidation of glucose exergonic or endergonic?

A

exergonic

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3
Q

what can the cell not do with the energy that is made through the process of cellular respiration?

A

the energy can not all be released at once

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4
Q

what holds the high energy electrons?

A

NAD+ into NADH

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5
Q

what are the five steps of cellular respiration?

A
  1. glycolysis
  2. pyruvate processing
  3. citric acid cycle
  4. electron transport
  5. ATP synthase
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6
Q

How many reactions occur in glycolysis?

A

10

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7
Q

what are the first 5 steps of glycolysis?

A

energy investment (using ATP)

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8
Q

what are the last 5 steps of glycolysis?

A

energy recovery phase (releasing ATP )

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9
Q

how many ATP are invested into glycolysis and how many are released? What is the net gain?

A

2 used in the beginning
4 produced at the end
2 is the net gain of ATP

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10
Q

what is substrate level phosphorylation?

A

in the active site of an enzyme, ADP binds to a substrate, this produces ATP

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11
Q

how does the feedback inhibition work in glycolysis?

A

there are two binding sites for the ATP- one is a catalyst and the other is an allosteric inhibitor

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12
Q

what is everything produced in glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, and 2NADH

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13
Q

where does glycolysis occur?

A

cytosol

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14
Q

what is put into and produced from pyruvate processing?

A

two pyruvates in
acetyl COa, 2 NADH, and CO2 out

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15
Q

where does pyruvate processing occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

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16
Q

what happens in pyruvate processing when three carbons in each pyruvate get oxidized?

A

they resort to NAD+ and NADH

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17
Q

how many steps are in the citric acid (krebs) cycle?

A

8

18
Q

where does the krebs occur?

A

mitochondrial matrix

19
Q

how many of each is produced in CAC?
- two carbon acetyl
- CO2
- ATP
- NADH
- FADH

A

2 two carbon acetyl
4 CO2
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH

20
Q

where is the ATP produced from in CAC?

A

substrate level phosphorylation

21
Q

what are the allosteric inhibitors (feedback inhibitors)

A

NADH and ATP

22
Q

what happens at the end of the krebs cycle?

A

glucose is oxidized

23
Q

where does the energy transport system take place?

A

the cristae of the mitochondria

24
Q

what is the purpose of the energy transport system?

A

to get high energy elecrons from NADH and pass them to O2

25
Q

how is the energy transport system arranged?

A

arranged to each step is more electronegative then the last

26
Q

NADH contributed electrons to which complex

A

complex 1

27
Q

FADH contributed to which complex

A

complex 2

28
Q

what delivers electrons from complex 1 and 2 to complex 3?

A

coenzyme Q

29
Q

what delivers electrons from complex 3 to complex 4?

A

cyt C

30
Q

what is the final acceptor of electrons of electrons coming from complex

A

O2

31
Q

what is produced from complex 4?

A

water molecules

32
Q

what is ATP synthase?

A

using proton motive force to carry out chemiosmosis

33
Q

is there a higher concentration of protons in the inter membrane space or the mitochondrial matrix

A

intermembrane space

34
Q

is there a higher ph in the inter membrane space or the mitochondrial matrix

A

mitochondrial matrix

35
Q

is there a more positive charge in the inter membrane space or the mitochondrial matrix

A

inter membrane space

36
Q

what percent efficiency of cellular respiration?

A

31%

37
Q

what does catabolic mean and how does it relate to cellular respiration?

A

something large broke down into small- proteins broken down into amino acids

38
Q

what does anabolic mean and how does it relate to cellular respiration?

A

something small into something larger- fatty acids into phospholipids

39
Q

what is the alternative to cellular respiration?

A

Fermentation

40
Q

how does fermentation work?

A

allows cells to regenerate NAD+ from pyruvate so glycolysis can continue

41
Q

what are the two kinds of fomentation?

A

lactic acid fermentation- works by directly turning pyruvate into lactate
alcohol fermentation- works by using Acetylaldehyde to turn pyruvate into ethanol

Biology Unit 2 (10 decks)

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