Biology Unit 2- chapter 8

Question 1

energy is not created or destroyed it _____

Answer 1

changes form

Question 2

nonpolar bonds have low/high potential energy and low/high bond dissociation energy

Answer 2

low bond dissociation energy
high potential energy
share equally easy to break release a lot of energy

Question 3

polar bonds have low/high potential energy and low/high bond dissociation energy

Answer 3

high bond dissociation energy
low potential energy
hard to break does not release much energy

Question 4

exergonic reactions

Answer 4

release energy into the system

Question 5

endergonic reactions

Answer 5

require energy from the system

Question 6

delta H

Answer 6

change in potential energy

Question 7

delta S

Answer 7

change in entropy, disorder

Question 8

does glucose have a high or low entropy

Answer 8

low: bigger/ more ordered means lower entropy

Question 9

delta G v.s. reaction rate

Answer 9

delta G- will the reaction occur with/without a net input of energy
reaction rate- how quickly will the reaction occur

Question 10

reaction rate is dependent on (2 things)

Answer 10

temperature and concentration of the reactants

Question 11

what is activation energy

Answer 11

energy invested to get the products

Question 12

delta G equation

Answer 12

products - reactants
exergonic or endogenic

Question 13

how do increase the rate of the reaction (three ways)

Answer 13

increase temperature
increase concentration
decrease activation energy

Question 14

what are enzymes

Answer 14

proteins that act as a catalyst by lowering activation energy

Question 15

delta G is _________ of activation energy

Answer 15

independent

Question 16

other word for reactant

Answer 16

substrate

Question 17

what is an active site of an enzyme

Answer 17

where the substrate can bind to

Question 18

what does an endergonic graph look like?

Answer 18

products above reactants after activation curve

Question 19

what does an exergonic graph look like?

Answer 19

products lower than reactants after activation curve

Question 20

enzymes function differently at different _______

Answer 20

PH levels

Question 21

steps for enzyme action

Answer 21

1. initation
2. transition state facilitation
3. termination

Question 22

equation

Answer 22

A + BC = AB + C

Question 23

true/ false catalysts get consumed in the reaction

Answer 23

catalysts do not get consumed in the reaction- they are temporary

Question 24

competitive inhibition

Answer 24

blocks substrate from getting into the enzyme

Question 25

allosteric regulation (activation)

Answer 25

changes the shape of the enzyme so they substrate can fit better (speeds up reaction)

Question 26

allosteric regulation (inhibition)

Answer 26

changes the shape of the active site so they substrate can not get in (slows down reaction)

Question 27

three kinds of regulation from enzymes

Answer 27

competitive inhibition, allosteric regulation inhibition and activation

Question 28

what is energetic coupling

Answer 28

enzymes couple an exergonic reaction to an endergonic reaction- use energy from exergonic to provide energy for the endergonic reaction

Question 29

two types of energetic coupling

Answer 29

1. energy from hydrolysis of ATP 2. transfer of high energy electrons during redox reaction

Question 30

hydrolysis of ATP

Answer 30

three phosphates to two- releases one into an inorganic phosphate

Question 31

energy can be _______ held during redox reactions (energetic coupling)

Answer 31

temporarily

Question 32

metabolic pathway

Answer 32

sequential enzyme-catalyzed reactions that culminate in the formation of some important biochemical product

Question 33

metabolic pathways are regulated by

Answer 33

feedback inhibition

Question 34

what is feedback inhibition?

Answer 34

product of one steps acts as an inhibitor for a previous step

Question 35

retro- evolution hypothesis

Answer 35

how metabolic pathways evolved- used the substate too fast, slows down metabolism of substrate

Question 36

bonds between phosphates in ATP are called?

Answer 36

phosphoanhydride bonds

Question 37

NAD to NADH- how many electrons are gained?

Answer 37

2 go from +1 charge (-1 electron) to -1 charge (+1 electron)

Question 38

lose electrons is called

Answer 38

oxidized

Question 39

gain electrons is called

Answer 39

reduced

Question 40

which bonds have a high potential energy

Answer 40

nonpolar

Question 41

what does NAD to

Answer 41

holds high energy electrons

Question 42

enzymes end with

Answer 42

-ase

Question 43

why do feedback inhibitors stop the process at the beginning rather than the end?

Answer 43

to not waste energy more efficient