Biology8.1-8.2Quiz

Question 1

location of DNA in prokaryotic cells

Answer 1

attached to a nucleoid

Question 2

name for the asexual process in which prokaryotic cells divide

Answer 2

binary fission

Question 3

phase of binary fission in which DNA is copied

Answer 3

DNA replication

Question 4

phase of binary fission in which the cell separates into two daugther cells

Answer 4

cytokinesis

Question 5

asexual reproduction

Answer 5

reproduction that does not involve the exchange of genetic material between two organisms

Question 6

sexual reproduction

Answer 6

reproduction that involves the exchangeof genetic material

Question 7

conjugation

Answer 7

a primitive form of sexual reproduction in which genetic material is exchanged without forming a new organism

Question 8

the name of the cell that starts with a plasmid in conjugation

Answer 8

donor

Question 9

the name of the cell that recieves a plasmid in conjugation

Answer 9

recipient

Question 10

shaft that helps connect cells during conjugation

Answer 10

pilus

Question 11

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 11

• requires less energy

- offspring will share the adaptations of the parent

Question 12

advatages of sexual reproduction

Answer 12

• allows for diversity in the characteristics of your offspring
• some offspring may be better suited to their enviroment than their parents

Question 13

When do bateria use asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 13

Bacteria use sexual reproduction when the enviroment is changing, and use asexual reproduction in stable conditions.

Question 14

chromosome

Answer 14

condensed form of DNA formed by DNA wrapping around histone proteins

Question 15

histone proteins

Answer 15

positively charged proteins that are wrapped with negatively charged DNA phosphates

Question 16

nucleosome

Answer 16

a DNA-protein complex consisting of 8 histone proteins and DNA wrapped around them

Question 17

name for DNA bound to nucleosomes

Answer 17

choromatin

Question 18

Why does DNA coil around histone proteins?

Answer 18

to form a compact structure that can fit inside a nucleus

Question 19

average length of human DNA in one cell

Answer 19

5 cm

Question 20

number of chromosomes in human cells (except RBC and sex cells)

Answer 20

46 chromosomes

Question 21

three stages of the cell cycle

Answer 21

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Question 22

phases of the Interphase

Answer 22

G1 Phase, S Phase, G2 Phase

Question 23

G1 Phase

Answer 23

• cells spend most of their life in this phase

- proteins and RNA are synthesized

Question 24

G0 Phase

Answer 24

entered when the cell stops dividing in G1

Question 25

restriction point

Answer 25

chemical signal received in G1 or G0 that signals “the point of no return”

Question 26

S Phase

Answer 26

DNA is synthesized through DNA replication

Question 27

G2 Phase

Answer 27

• cell prepares for division
• proteins and RNA are synthesized
• organelles replicate
• microtubles and microfilaments organize into spindle fibers

Question 28

Interphase

Answer 28

• the period between when cells divide
• chromosomes are loosely coiled and cannot be seen individually
• nuclear membrane is present

Question 29

Mitotic phase

Answer 29

Also known as the M phase, contains both mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 30

Mitosis

Answer 30

• division of the nucleus
• chromosomes can be seen individually
• each daughter cell receives one copy of each chromosome

Question 31

Cytokinesis

Answer 31

the division of the entire cell

Question 32

Cytokinesis is included in…

Answer 32

the Mitotic phase (also known as the M phase) but not mitosis.