Biology C5 RR Adrenaline

Question 1

What is adrenaline?

Answer 1

a hormone

Question 2

What produces adrenaline?

Answer 2

the adrenal glands, located above the kindeys

Question 3

What does a normal amount of adrenaline do?

Answer 3

a small amount of adrenaline helps maintain normal blood pressure

Question 4

When are large amounts of adrenaline produced?

Answer 4

during high stress

Question 5

What are the effects of adrenaline?

Answer 5

• Raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the liver to change glycogen into glucose
• Causes fatty tissue to release fat into the blood
• Increases the heart rate
• Increases blood flow to the muscles
• Reduces blood flow to the skin and the intestines
• Widens the bronchioles
• Dilates the pupils

Question 6

What is the purpose of sudden bursts of adrenaline?

Answer 6

to prepare the body for quick actions, i.e. escaping predators

Question 7

What is the problem with adrenaline?

Answer 7

If people are overly stressed, they can produce excess adrenaline when not in dangerous situations, which leads to health problems.

Question 8

What is the term for unexpected acts of extreme stength caused by stressful events?

Answer 8

feats of hysterical strength

Question 9

What part of the brain is stimulated by stressful events (the stressor)?

Answer 9

the hypothalamus

Question 10

What does the hypothalamus region of the brain do?

Answer 10

regulates stress and relaxation

Question 11

What does the hypothalamus do when it is stimulated by stress?

Answer 11

sends signals to the adrenal glands which activate the sympathetic system

Question 12

What does the sympathetic system do?

Answer 12

puts the body into an excited state

Question 13

What are the two hormones released by the adrenal glands during stressful events?

Answer 13

adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 14

What is the alternate name for adrenaline?

Answer 14

epinephrine

Question 15

What is the alternate name for noradrenaline?

Answer 15

norepinephrine

Question 16

What do adrenaline and noradrenaline do?

Answer 16

raise heart rate, increase respiration, dilate the pupils, slow down digestion and – perhaps most importantly – allow muscles to contract

Question 17

What is adrenaline’s effect on muscles?

Answer 17

Adrenaline allows muscles to contract more than they can when at rest, and allows blood to flow more easily to the muscles. Thirdly, it speeds the creation of glucose from glycogen, providing more energy for the muscles.

Question 18

What specific region of the adrenal glands that releases adrenaline?

Answer 18

the adrenal medulla

Question 19

What bodily reaction supports the theory that adrenaline allows humans to use their muscles more than they usually can?

Answer 19

When people ar e electrocuted, they are thrown back by their muscles contracting.

Question 20

Why can people only have extreme strength when they are confronted with danger?

Answer 20

constant agitation and strength can be harmful

Question 21

Why must muscle strength be built up over time?

Answer 21

sudden bursts of strength can tear muscles or disalign joints

Question 22

What is the term for the human reaction to stressful situations?

Answer 22

general adaptation syndrome

Question 23

What are the three stages of the general adaptation syndome?

Answer 23

1. alarm reaction
2. stage of resistance
3. state of exhaustion

Question 24

What happens during the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 24

When the body encounters stress, it prepares to fight the danger or escape.

Question 25

What happens during the stage of resistance in the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 25

The sympathetic system allows the body to react quickly and take whatever action is needed.

Question 26

What happens during the state of exhaustion in the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 26

The body is stuck in hyperarousal for too long, and the persons immune system is worn down.

Question 27

What is the parasympathetic system?

Answer 27

a bodily system that reverses the effects of the sympathetic system and calms the body down after stress

Question 28

What is hyperarousal?

Answer 28

being in an excited state as a reaction to fight or escape danger