Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Studies > Biology Test 9/5/24 (DONT DELETE) > Flashcards

Biology Test 9/5/24 (DONT DELETE) Flashcards

1
Q

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction

A

Catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reactions that release energy

A

Exothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reactions that absorb energy

A

Endothermic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Units that repeat to make up a polymer

A

Monomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical molecules

A

Polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Whats left over after a reaction

A

Products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What experiences change during a reaction

A

Reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polysaccharide used as plant structural material

A

Cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nucleic acids that contains all the cells’ genetic information and remains in the nucleus

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Monosaccharide arranged in a pentagon carbon ring

A

Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Monosaccharide arranged in a hexagon carbon ring

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Polysaccharide used as animal energy storage

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A triacylglycerol where one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Polymers of amino acids used for structural materials and enzymes

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleic acids copied from DNA that can leave the nucleus so the information can be used

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fatty acids with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, no double bonds, and a straight structure

A

Saturated Fatty Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Polysaccharides used as plant energy storage

A

Starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A disaccharide with the formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

A

Sucrose or Maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fatty acids that are missing some hydrogen atoms, with some double bonds, and with a bent structured

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The minimum energy needed to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do enzymes work

A

The substrate binds with the enzyme in the active site to create an enzyme-substrate complex, then the reaction causes the substrates to weaken and eventually combine forming a new substance called the product before being released from the enzyme.

23
Q

Compare glucose and fructose

A
  • Differences
    1. Glucose is arranged in a hexagon while fructose is arranged in a pentagon.
    2. Fructose is sweeter than glucose.
  • Similarities
    1.They are both carbohydrates and monosaccharides
    2.They have the same formula
24
Q

Compare carbohydrates and lipids

A
  • Differences
    1. Lipids are used for thermal insulation
    2. Carbohydrates are sugars while lipids are fats, oils, and waxes
    3. Carbohydrates are rings while lipids are chains
  • Similarities
    1.They are both used for energy storage and structural material
25
Q

What allows carbon to be the key element

A

It is small and can have four bonds allowing it to form chains and rings.

26
Q

What do chemical reactions do to atoms

A

Change the arrangements of molecules.

27
Q

What are produced by chemical reactions

A

New substances with new properties.

28
Q

What does it mean for a chemical equation to be “balanced”

A

The same number of atoms on both sides of the equation.

29
Q

What are two examples of activation energy being used

A

An electric spark and the sun shining on a plant.

30
Q

What are some factors that can affect enzyme activity

A

Temperature, pH, and Inhibitors

31
Q

In what ways can an inhibitor cause an enzyme to be ineffective

A

Blocking the active site or changing the shape of it.

32
Q

What are the main elements found in living things

A

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus

33
Q

Large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

A

Macromolecule

34
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates

A

Energy storage and structural material

35
Q

What types of atoms are found in carbohydrates and what is the basic ratio of these atoms

A

Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, C:H:O, 1:2:1

36
Q

How are the carbon atoms arranged in carbohydrates

A

Ring structures

37
Q

What is a monosaccharide and what are some examples

A

Carbohydrates with one carbon ring, glucose and fructose

38
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Monosaccharides joined into chain structures

38
Q

What is a disaccharide and what are some examples

A

Two monosaccharides joined to form one molecule, sucrose and maltose

39
Q

Polysaccharides are polymers, what are the monomers that they are made of

A

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen

40
Q

What are some examples of lipids

A

Fats, oils, and waxes

41
Q

What are the functions of lipids

A

Energy storage, structural material, and thermal insulation

42
Q

What is the polymer part of a lipid

A

Fatty acids

43
Q

Three fatty acids joined together by a glycerol molecule

A

Triacylglycerol

44
Q

What are the main atoms in lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

45
Q

What are the monomers that the lipid polymer is composed of

A

CH₂

46
Q

What are the monomers that proteins are polymers of

A

Amino acids

47
Q

What four things does every amino acid have

A

An amino group, a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain

48
Q

What are the functions of proteins

A

Structural material and enzymes

49
Q

What is the function of nucleic acids

A

Information storage

50
Q

What are some differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA contains all the cells genetic information and remains in the nucleus but RNA is copied from the DNA and can leave the nucleus so the information can be used

51
Q

What are the monomers that nucleic acids are polymers of

A

Nucleotides

52
Q

What are the three parts of a nucleotide

A

A sugar, three phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base

53
Q

How many different nucleotides are there

A

Five

General Studies (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions