Biology Test 9/5/24 (DONT DELETE)

Question 1

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction

Answer 1

Catalyst

Question 2

Reactions that release energy

Answer 2

Exothermic

Question 3

Reactions that absorb energy

Answer 3

Endothermic

Question 4

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Answer 4

Enzymes

Question 5

Units that repeat to make up a polymer

Answer 5

Monomer

Question 6

Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical molecules

Answer 6

Polymers

Question 7

Whats left over after a reaction

Answer 7

Products

Question 8

What experiences change during a reaction

Answer 8

Reactants

Question 9

Polysaccharide used as plant structural material

Answer 9

Cellulose

Question 10

Nucleic acids that contains all the cells’ genetic information and remains in the nucleus

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

Monosaccharide arranged in a pentagon carbon ring

Answer 11

Fructose

Question 12

Monosaccharide arranged in a hexagon carbon ring

Answer 12

Glucose

Question 13

Polysaccharide used as animal energy storage

Answer 13

Glycogen

Question 14

A triacylglycerol where one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group

Answer 14

Phospholipids

Question 15

Polymers of amino acids used for structural materials and enzymes

Answer 15

Proteins

Question 16

Nucleic acids copied from DNA that can leave the nucleus so the information can be used

Answer 16

RNA

Question 17

Fatty acids with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms, no double bonds, and a straight structure

Answer 17

Saturated Fatty Acids

Question 18

Polysaccharides used as plant energy storage

Answer 18

Starch

Question 19

A disaccharide with the formula C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

Answer 19

Sucrose or Maltose

Question 20

Fatty acids that are missing some hydrogen atoms, with some double bonds, and with a bent structured

Answer 20

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Question 21

The minimum energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Answer 21

Activation Energy

Question 22

How do enzymes work

Answer 22

The substrate binds with the enzyme in the active site to create an enzyme-substrate complex, then the reaction causes the substrates to weaken and eventually combine forming a new substance called the product before being released from the enzyme.

Question 23

Compare glucose and fructose

Answer 23

• Differences
  1. Glucose is arranged in a hexagon while fructose is arranged in a pentagon.
  2. Fructose is sweeter than glucose.
• Similarities
  1.They are both carbohydrates and monosaccharides
  2.They have the same formula

Question 24

Compare carbohydrates and lipids

Answer 24

• Differences
  1. Lipids are used for thermal insulation
  2. Carbohydrates are sugars while lipids are fats, oils, and waxes
  3. Carbohydrates are rings while lipids are chains
• Similarities
  1.They are both used for energy storage and structural material

Question 25

What allows carbon to be the key element

Answer 25

It is small and can have four bonds allowing it to form chains and rings.

Question 26

What do chemical reactions do to atoms

Answer 26

Change the arrangements of molecules.

Question 27

What are produced by chemical reactions

Answer 27

New substances with new properties.

Question 28

What does it mean for a chemical equation to be “balanced”

Answer 28

The same number of atoms on both sides of the equation.

Question 29

What are two examples of activation energy being used

Answer 29

An electric spark and the sun shining on a plant.

Question 30

What are some factors that can affect enzyme activity

Answer 30

Temperature, pH, and Inhibitors

Question 31

In what ways can an inhibitor cause an enzyme to be ineffective

Answer 31

Blocking the active site or changing the shape of it.

Question 32

What are the main elements found in living things

Answer 32

Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus

Question 33

Large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

Answer 33

Macromolecule

Question 34

What are the functions of carbohydrates

Answer 34

Energy storage and structural material

Question 35

What types of atoms are found in carbohydrates and what is the basic ratio of these atoms

Answer 35

Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, C:H:O, 1:2:1

Question 36

How are the carbon atoms arranged in carbohydrates

Answer 36

Ring structures

Question 37

What is a monosaccharide and what are some examples

Answer 37

Carbohydrates with one carbon ring, glucose and fructose

Question 38

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 38

Monosaccharides joined into chain structures

Question 38

What is a disaccharide and what are some examples

Answer 38

Two monosaccharides joined to form one molecule, sucrose and maltose

Question 39

Polysaccharides are polymers, what are the monomers that they are made of

Answer 39

Starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Question 40

What are some examples of lipids

Answer 40

Fats, oils, and waxes

Question 41

What are the functions of lipids

Answer 41

Energy storage, structural material, and thermal insulation

Question 42

What is the polymer part of a lipid

Answer 42

Fatty acids

Question 43

Three fatty acids joined together by a glycerol molecule

Answer 43

Triacylglycerol

Question 44

What are the main atoms in lipids

Answer 44

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 45

What are the monomers that the lipid polymer is composed of

Answer 45

CH₂

Question 46

What are the monomers that proteins are polymers of

Answer 46

Amino acids

Question 47

What four things does every amino acid have

Answer 47

An amino group, a hydrogen, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain

Question 48

What are the functions of proteins

Answer 48

Structural material and enzymes

Question 49

What is the function of nucleic acids

Answer 49

Information storage

Question 50

What are some differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 50

DNA contains all the cells genetic information and remains in the nucleus but RNA is copied from the DNA and can leave the nucleus so the information can be used

Question 51

What are the monomers that nucleic acids are polymers of

Answer 51

Nucleotides

Question 52

What are the three parts of a nucleotide

Answer 52

A sugar, three phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base

Question 53

How many different nucleotides are there

Answer 53

Five