Biology Test 3/18/25 Flashcards
What make up proteins
Amino acids
A section of DNA that has the genetic info for a specific protein
Gene
All of the info needed to make a specific living thing
Genome
Chains of amino acids made by ribosomes
Proteins
Make proteins
Ribosomes
In what ways are DNA and RNA similar
- Both are nucleic acids
- Both carry information
- Both have a 4 letter “alphabet” of bases
- Both have 3 letter codons
In what ways are DNA and RNA different
- DNA’s sugar is deoxyribose, RNA’s sugar is ribose
- DNA’s bases are A, T, C, G, RNA’s bases are A, U, C, G
- DNA is a double strand, RNA is a single strand
- DNA bases are in pairs, RNA bases are unpaired
- DNA is confined to the nucleus, RNA passes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
How many different amino acids are there
20
State the Central Dogma of Biology
DNA —->(Transcription)——> RNA —–>(Translation)——> Proteins
Explain the Central Dogma of Biology
Transcription is used to convert DNA to RNA and Translation is used to convert RNA into Proteins
What is the role of DNA in the cell
It stores the genetic information
Where is DNA located within the cell
The nucleus
Describe the process of transcription. Use the following terms in your explanation: base pairing, gene, sense strand, non-sense strand, DNA, RNA
The DNA bases unpair where the gene will be transcribed, then the RNA bases pair with the non-sense strand of the DNA, then the newly made RNA separates from the DNA, finally the DNA strands pair back together
List and describe the function of the three types of RNA
mRNA is the messenger RNA, it carries the code from the nucleus to the ribosomes. tRNA is the transfer RNA, it brings amino acids to the ribosomes. rRNA is the ribosomal RNA, it makes up ribosomes
Describe the process of translation. Use the following terms in your explanation: ribosome, mRNA, tRNA, codon, start codon, stop codon, amino acid
The mRNA leaves the nucleus and finds a ribosome, then it finds the start codon (AUG), then the tRNA with the right anti-codon brings the right amino acid, then the mRNA exposes the next codon and another tRNA brings the right amino acid which is then linked to the first one, then the first tRNA releases the amino acid and separates from the mRNA, then the process continues until a stop codon is found, then the new protein is released
How does the genome determine the specific characteristics of an organism
It provides the instructions to make proteins
What is a substitution mutation
One base replaces another base, it can cause no change or change one amino acid
What is an addition mutation
An extra base is added to the gene, it changes most or all of the amino acids after the mutation
What is a deletion mutation
A base is deleted from the gene, it changes most or all of the amino acids after the mutation
The DNA strand that serves as a template during Transcription
Non-sense Strand
The DNA strand that does not serve as a template during Transcription
Sense Strand
