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General Studies > Biology MegaQuiz 1/22/24 > Flashcards

Biology MegaQuiz 1/22/24 Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosomes which carry the same type of genes; each pair has one chromosome from each parent

A

Homologous

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2
Q

All chromosomes are in homologous pairs

A

Diploid

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3
Q

No chromosomes are in homologous pairs

A

Haploid

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do human cells have in the diploid form

A

46

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5
Q

Reproduction with only one parent; offspring are clones of parent

A

Asexual

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6
Q

Reproduction with one or two parents; offspring are genetically unique from parent(s)

A

Sexual

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7
Q

Is Meiosis a linear or cyclical process

A

Linear process

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8
Q

T/F

A cell must exit the cell cycle to begin meiosis

A

True

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9
Q

Meiosis is necessary of sexual or asexual reproduction

A

Sexual

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10
Q

Meiosis is the key to what

A

Genetic variability

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11
Q

Meiosis happens in how many stages

A

2

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12
Q

What happens in prophase 1 and 2

A

The nucleus dissolves, chromatin becomes chromosomes, centrioles arrive at opposite poles, and a spindle apparatus forms

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13
Q

What happens in metaphase 1 and 2

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up along the center of the cell and each spindle apparatus attaches to the half of the chromosomes

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14
Q

What happens in anaphase 1 and 2

A

Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell and a furrow begins to form

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15
Q

What happens in telophase 1 and 2

A

The cell divides into two cells, nuclei reappear, and chromosomes become chromatin

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16
Q

What do we have after Meiosis 1

A

Two non-identical haploid cells

17
Q

What do we have after Meiosis 2

A

Four non-identical haploid cells

18
Q

What are the differences between Meiosis and Mitosis

A
  • Meiosis is linear, Mitosis is cyclical
  • Meiosis goes from 1 cell to 4 cells, Mitosis goes from 1 to 2 cells
  • Meiosis goes from diploid to haploid, Mitosis goes from diploid to diploid
19
Q

What happens after Meiosis

A
  • The haploid cells become gametes: the female called ova, the male called sperm
  • Fertilization occurs when two gametes join to become one cells
  • A zygote is the new diploid cell that results from fertilization, it is the first cell of a new living thing
20
Q

What difference in the processes causes meiosis to produce haploid cells but mitosis to produce diploid cells

A

Meiosis seperates the pairs so they become haploid, Mitosis rips the chromosomes in half so they become diploid

21
Q

Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction

A

The haploid cells are needed for fertilization to make a zygote

22
Q

Why is meiosis the key to genetic variability

A

One individual can produce 8 million different gametes, one husband and wife can produce 2⁴⁶ genetically unique offspring, and crossing over can increase genetic variability

General Studies (10 decks)

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