Biology: Respiratory System Flashcards
respirastory track
conudction passageways carrying air to and from alveoli
upper respiratory passages
filter and humidify incoming air
lower passages
include delicate conductoin passages and alveolar exchange surfaces
mucus
protects delicate lower respiratory track by filtering out dust dirt and pathogens
what happens to mucus after its filtered
removed from body or sent to the stomach for the stomach acid to destroy pathogens
internal respiration
within cells, cellular respiration
external respiration
movement of air and gasses
aerobic respiration
with oxygen
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
anaerobic respiration
without oxygen
C6H12O6 -> 2CO2 +2C2H5OH + 2ATP
What does external respiration include
breathing air moving between atomposphere and lungs
gasses exhcanged between the lungs and blood
movement of gasses between lungs and tissues
4 parts in Respiration process
pulmonary ventilation
pulmonary diffusion
blood and gas transport
gas and tissue transport
non respiratory functions of the respiratory system 6
provides a route for lost water enhances venous return maintains normal acid-base balance vocalizations defends against inhaled foreign matter takes part in smell
what is the passageway air takes to go through the respiratory system
nasal passages pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
where is the voice box located
larynx
alveoli
thin-wallled single celled inflatable sacs where gas exchange is occurred
where are the lungs engaged
thoracic cavity
diaphragm
skeletal muscle used for breathing
intra-pleural pressure
pressure in the alveoli
4 units below the atmospheric pressure
how does air move into the lungs
pressure gradient
what happens when respiratory system contracts and relaxes
contracts air comes in
relaxes air goes out
what are the two factors that affect ventilation rate and depth
degree of contraction of breathing muscles
opening of the airways
how does hemoglobin transport blood
combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin and brings to tissue cells and dissociates back into hemoglobin
how is CO2 transported
three ways
dissolved in the blood
bound to hemoglobin
as buffered bi-carbonate ion (carbonic acid)
