Biology: Biochem

Question 1

what are the most common elements in the cell

Answer 1

hydrogen 59%
oxygen 24%
carbon 11%
nitrogen 4%

Question 2

organic molecules

Answer 2

when carbon and hydrogen are bonded together

Question 3

inorganic molecules

Answer 3

lack carbon and hydrogen bonds

Question 4

H2O

Answer 4

water

Question 5

CH4

Answer 5

methane

Question 6

COOH

Answer 6

carboxyl group, makes all organic acids

Question 7

OH

Answer 7

Hydroxyl group, a lot of these makes a solution a base

Question 8

NH2

Answer 8

amino group

Question 9

bond=___

Answer 9

energy

Question 10

what are major categories of organic compounds

Answer 10

carbohydrates(sugars and starches)
Lipid(fats oils and waxes)
Proteins(functional and structural)
Nucleic acids (RNA and DNA)

Question 11

what do all sugar names end in

Answer 11

ose

Question 12

Carbohydrates

Answer 12

Simple sugars

Contains elements carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Question 13

What are three types of carbohydrates

Answer 13

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 14

isomer

Answer 14

Compounds at the same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Question 15

Pentoses

Answer 15

Five Carbon sugars

Question 16

What are two important pentoses sugars

Answer 16

Deoxyribose sugar and DNA

Ribose sugar in RNA

Question 17

Disaccharides

Answer 17

Two monosaccharides joined together by dehydration synthesis

Question 18

Three examples of disaccharides

Answer 18

Sucrose, table sugar
Maltose, seed sugar
Lactose, milk sugar

Question 19

Polysaccharides

Answer 19

More than two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis

Question 20

Three examples of polysaccharides

Answer 20

Glycogen animals start stored in the liver muscles
Cellulose indigestible in humans form cell walls
Starches used as energy storage

Question 21

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 21

chemical combination of two small molecules to make one larger molecule caused by the remove of water

Question 22

Hydrolysis

Answer 22

Addition of water to a larger molecule to form two or more smaller molecules

Question 23

what is the building blocks of proteins

Answer 23

Amino acids

Question 24

examples of proteins

Answer 24

Insulin
Hemoglobin
Enzymes

Question 25

What distinguishes the difference between proteins from carbohydrates and fat

Answer 25

Nitrogen

Question 26

What are three major functions of proteins

Answer 26

Growth repair
energy
buffer -helps keep body pH constant

Question 27

What are three groups that make up amino acids

Answer 27

amine group – NH2
carboxyl group – COOH
an R group

Question 28

Peptide bond

Answer 28

Single bond formed between two amino acids

Question 29

Dipeptide

Answer 29

two peptide bonds

Question 30

Polypeptide

Answer 30

3 or more peptide bonds

Question 31

Structural proteins

Answer 31

Components of cell structures and organelles

Question 32

Functional protein

Answer 32

Enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions

Question 33

Lipids

Answer 33

Function and energy storage protection and insulation

Question 34

what are lipids made of

Answer 34

Three fatty acids plus glycerol

Question 35

What are two types of lipids

Answer 35

Saturated – contain no double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain

Unsaturated there are double bonds between some of the carbons in the hydrocarbon chain