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Biology > Biology: Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Biology: Cell Organelles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cell membrane

A

way the phospholipids are layered is a bilayer

semipermeable barrier

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2
Q

phospholipid

A

found in cell membrane
1 head & 2 tails
head:polar and hydrophilic
tail: non polar and hydrophobic

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3
Q

how does cholesterol effect the cell membrane

A

stiffer and stronger

decreases permeability

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4
Q

How do proteins affect the cell membrane

A

they are involved in facilitated diffusion

they allow certain molecules to cross into/out of cell

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5
Q

active transport

A

need energy to move molecule through membrane

against concentration gradient

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6
Q

facilitated transport

A

don’t need energy

secondary molecule binds to transport protein to open it and allow molecule through

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7
Q

passive transport

A

doesn’t require as much energy

follow concentration gradient

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8
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly like material in cell

consists of cytosol and cellular organelles

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9
Q

cytosol

A

water
salts
organic molecules
enzymes

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10
Q

nucleoplasm

A

all of material in nucleus

DNA, RNA, plasma

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11
Q

eukaryotic

A

cell contains nucleus

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12
Q

DNA

A

physical carrier of inheritance

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13
Q

chromatin

A

uncoiled DNA

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14
Q

How is RNA made

A

formed in nucleus by coding from DNA

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15
Q

What is the function of RNA

A

moves out of nucleus into cytoplasm

directs biochemical activities of cell

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16
Q

What happens in the nucleolus

A

area of nucleus where ribosomes are constructed

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17
Q

nuclear membrane

A

numerous pores
allows RNA and other chemicals to pass
not DNA

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18
Q

cytoskeleton

A

fibrous proteins in cytoplasm
maintain shape of cell
hold organelles in place

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19
Q

microtubules

A 
function in cell division
temporary scaffolding for other organelles
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20
Q

actin

A 
thin threads
function in cell division and cell motility
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21
Q

vacuoles

A

used as storage areas

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22
Q

vesicles

A

transport materials in cell and to the outside

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23
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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24
Q

where are ribosomes made

A

nucleolus

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25
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotic ribosomes and prokaryotic ones

A

eukaryotics are slightly larger

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26
Q

What are ribosomes made of

A

rRNA, and some 50 structural proteins

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27
Q

Where are ribosomes normally found

A

clustered on the endoplasmic reticulum

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28
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

mesh of interconnected membranes that serve a function involving protein synthesis and transport

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29
Q

Rough ER

A

connects to nuclear envelope

mRNA has blueprint for proteins to travel to ribosomes

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30
Q

smooth ER

A

involved in transport and a variety of other functions

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31
Q

what is the golgi complex

A

flattened stacks of membrane bound sacs

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32
Q

what does the golgi complex do

A

packaging plant modifying vesicles from rough ER

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33
Q

where are Lysosomes formed

A

large vesicles formed by golgi

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34
Q

What do lysosomes do

A

extracellular break of materials

contain hydrolytic enzymes that could destroy cell

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35
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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36
Q

mitochondria

A

makes ATP by using glucose oxygen and water

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37
Q

cristae

A

found in mitochondria

surfaces on which ATP is generated

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38
Q

plastids

A

membrane enclosed organelles only found in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms

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39
Q

What are the 3 types of plastids

A

leucoplast
chromoplast
choloroplast

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40
Q

leucoplast

A

colorless plastid where starch and other nutrients are stored

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41
Q

chromoplasts

A

store pigments associated with bright colors

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42
Q

choloroplasts

A

contain the pigment chlorophyll

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43
Q

chloroplast

A

sites of photosynthesis

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44
Q

What do chloroplasts contain

A

chlorophyll, carotenes, and xanthophylls

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45
Q

what are the functions of the cell wall

A

provide rigidity to the cell fro structural and mechanical support
maintain cell shape
prevent expansion when water enters the cell
protects against pathogens
store area for carbohydrates

46
Q

what is cell wall made of in plants

A

cellulose

47
Q

what is cell wall made of in bacteria

A

peptidoglycan

48
Q

what is cell wall made of in fungi

A

chitin

49
Q

plasmodesmata

A

connections through which plant cells communicate through cell walls
they are the holes in cell wall

50
Q

diffusion

A

movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration

51
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from high concentration to a low concentration

52
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration between a region of high concentration and a region of lower concentration

53
Q

endocytosis

A

transporting materials into cell by mens of a vacuole

54
Q

phagocytosis

A

transporting large solid particles into a cell

55
Q

pinocytosis

A

transporting small amounts of liquid into the cell by means of a vacuole
cell drinking

56
Q

exocytosis

A

transporting materials out of cell

57
Q

cell membrane

A

way the phospholipids are layered is a bilayer

semipermeable barrier

58
Q

phospholipid

A

found in cell membrane
1 head & 2 tails
head:polar and hydrophilic
tail: non polar and hydrophobic

59
Q

how does cholesterol effect the cell membrane

A

stiffer and stronger

decreases permeability

60
Q

How do proteins affect the cell membrane

A

they are involved in facilitated diffusion

they allow certain molecules to cross into/out of cell

61
Q

active transport

A

need energy to move molecule through membrane

against concentration gradient

62
Q

facilitated transport

A

don’t need energy

secondary molecule binds to transport protein to open it and allow molecule through

63
Q

passive transport

A

doesn’t require as much energy

follow concentration gradient

64
Q

cytoplasm

A

jelly like material in cell

consists of cytosol and cellular organelles

65
Q

cytosol

A

water
salts
organic molecules
enzymes

66
Q

nucleoplasm

A

all of material in nucleus

DNA, RNA, plasma

67
Q

eukaryotic

A

cell contains nucleus

68
Q

DNA

A

physical carrier of inheritance

69
Q

chromatin

A

uncoiled DNA

70
Q

How is RNA made

A

formed in nucleus by coding from DNA

71
Q

What is the function of RNA

A

moves out of nucleus into cytoplasm

directs biochemical activities of cell

72
Q

What happens in the nucleolus

A

area of nucleus where ribosomes are constructed

73
Q

nuclear membrane

A

numerous pores
allows RNA and other chemicals to pass
not DNA

74
Q

cytoskeleton

A

fibrous proteins in cytoplasm
maintain shape of cell
hold organelles in place

75
Q

microtubules

A 
function in cell division
temporary scaffolding for other organelles
76
Q

actin

A 
thin threads
function in cell division and cell motility
77
Q

vacuoles

A

used as storage areas

78
Q

vesicles

A

transport materials in cell and to the outside

79
Q

ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

80
Q

where are ribosomes made

A

nucleolus

81
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotic ribosomes and prokaryotic ones

A

eukaryotics are slightly larger

82
Q

What are ribosomes made of

A

rRNA, and some 50 structural proteins

83
Q

Where are ribosomes normally found

A

clustered on the endoplasmic reticulum

84
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum

A

mesh of interconnected membranes that serve a function involving protein synthesis and transport

85
Q

Rough ER

A

connects to nuclear envelope

mRNA has blueprint for proteins to travel to ribosomes

86
Q

smooth ER

A

involved in transport and a variety of other functions

87
Q

what is the golgi complex

A

flattened stacks of membrane bound sacs

88
Q

what does the golgi complex do

A

packaging plant modifying vesicles from rough ER

89
Q

where are Lysosomes formed

A

large vesicles formed by golgi

90
Q

What do lysosomes do

A

extracellular break of materials

contain hydrolytic enzymes that could destroy cell

91
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

92
Q

mitochondria

A

makes ATP by using glucose oxygen and water

93
Q

cristae

A

found in mitochondria

surfaces on which ATP is generated

94
Q

plastids

A

membrane enclosed organelles only found in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms

95
Q

What are the 3 types of plastids

A

leucoplast
chromoplast
choloroplast

96
Q

leucoplast

A

colorless plastid where starch and other nutrients are stored

97
Q

chromoplasts

A

store pigments associated with bright colors

98
Q

choloroplasts

A

contain the pigment chlorophyll

99
Q

chloroplast

A

sites of photosynthesis

100
Q

What do chloroplasts contain

A

chlorophyll, carotenes, and xanthophylls

101
Q

what are the functions of the cell wall

A

provide rigidity to the cell fro structural and mechanical support
maintain cell shape
prevent expansion when water enters the cell
protects against pathogens
store area for carbohydrates

102
Q

what is cell wall made of in plants

A

cellulose

103
Q

what is cell wall made of in bacteria

A

peptidoglycan

104
Q

what is cell wall made of in fungi

A

chitin

105
Q

plasmodesmata

A

connections through which plant cells communicate through cell walls
they are the holes in cell wall

106
Q

diffusion

A

movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration

107
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from high concentration to a low concentration

108
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration between a region of high concentration and a region of lower concentration

109
Q

endocytosis

A

transporting materials into cell by mens of a vacuole

110
Q

phagocytosis

A

transporting large solid particles into a cell

111
Q

pinocytosis

A

transporting small amounts of liquid into the cell by means of a vacuole
cell drinking

112
Q

exocytosis

A

transporting materials out of cell

Biology (20 decks)

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