Biology Overview Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of the skeletal systems:
A
- produces blood
- provides protection to internal organs
- serve as a reservoir for calcium
- provides strength
2
Q
Zygomatic bone
A
- cheek bone
3
Q
Maxilla
A
- upper jaw
4
Q
Mandible
A
- lower jaw
5
Q
Tendon
A
- fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle ot bone
6
Q
ligament
A
- fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones
7
Q
Trapezius
A
- named for it’s shape
- raises scapula, as when strugging shoulders, pulls backwards
8
Q
Lattimus Dorsi
A
brings amdown and backward behind body
9
Q
Tricepts
A
a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It consists of 3 parts: the medial, lateral, and long head. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint
10
Q
Glutemus maximus
A
control flexion of the trunk on the stance-side and to decelerate the swing leg
11
Q
Hamstrings
A
You have three hamstring muscles at the back of your thigh
12
Q
Deltoid
A
a thick, triangular shoulder muscle
13
Q
Plantar Reflex
A
- Babinski negative is when the toes been forward at stimulous
- Babiski positive is when the toes been forward at stimulous
- adults have a negative reactions, and babies have positive reactions because the fibers in their spinal cord and cerebral cortex are not completely covered in mylin
14
Q
Sensory Adaptation
A
- When your senses are adapted to a stimulus
15
Q
DNA
A
- double stranded
- deoxyribose sugar
- Structure: Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T).
16
Q
RNA
A
- genetica material of some viruses
- bases are A, U, G and C
- It has ribse as sugar
- There are 3 types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
17
Q
mRNA
A
- carries info to make protiens
18
Q
tRNA
A
transfers amino acids
19
Q
rRNA
A
Assembles amino acids
20
Q
Purines
A
- Adenine and Guanine
21
Q
Pyrimadines
A
- Cytosine
- Tymine
- Uracil
22
Q
Transcripticon
A
- DNA to RNA
23
Q
RNA to Protien
A
Translation
24
Q
Central Dogma
A
DNA to RNA to Protien
25
Retroviruses
- go from RNA to DNA
26
Female Sex Chromosomes
- XX
27
Male Sex Chromosomes
- XY
28
How many chromosomes does a kid recieve from each parent?
- 1
29
Nondisjunction of spermatogensis can cause gametes that have:
- no sex chromosomes
- an x and a y chromosome
- 2 x chromosomes
- two y chromosomes
30
Non-disjunction of oogenesis can cuase gametes that have
- two x chromosomes
| - no x chromosomes
31
X-linked Recessive disordeders
- tend to skip a generation
| - usually only males in the family are affected
32
Autosomal dominant disorders
- people with autosomal dominant disorders always have at least one affected parent
33
Autosomal Recessive disorder
- can be seen in the children of healthy parents
34
Dominant and Recessive
- The pressence of many affected individuals in a family does not always mean that the trait is dominant
- It is uncommon, but a recessive trait may still show up in all generations of a pedigree
- You may not always be able to determine the genotype of an individual based ona pedigree
- Although rare, females can get X-linked recessive diseases
35
Homology
The study of different species that show close recelbance in their anatomy
36
Taxonomy
A branch of biology in which various organisms showing resenblances have been classified
37
Vesitgal Organs
38
Homolougous structures
they have the same morhphology and likely devloeped froma common ancestor
ex: the wingo of a hummingbird and the wing of an ostrch share similar, shape and origin in a common ancestor
39
Analagous structures
- they have different morhology but similar function and likely developed independently of one anorther
40
Most compelling evidence in support of evlution
- the simularity of Dna across all orgamnsims
41
The most significant trend in the evolution of movdern of man
- increase in cranial size
| - closest relative to man: chimp
42
prebyopia-
as we age, our lens loses its elasticity, and we slowly lose our ability to accommodate
43
myopia
near sighted
44
- hyperopia-
- far sighted (generally happens with age)
45
- astigmatism
nonsmooth cornea
