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Human Biology > Biology Overview > Flashcards

Biology Overview Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the skeletal systems:

A
  • produces blood
  • provides protection to internal organs
  • serve as a reservoir for calcium
  • provides strength
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2
Q

Zygomatic bone

A
  • cheek bone
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3
Q

Maxilla

A
  • upper jaw
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4
Q

Mandible

A
  • lower jaw
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5
Q

Tendon

A
  • fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle ot bone
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6
Q

ligament

A
  • fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones
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7
Q

Trapezius

A
  • named for it’s shape

- raises scapula, as when strugging shoulders, pulls backwards

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8
Q

Lattimus Dorsi

A

brings amdown and backward behind body

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9
Q

Tricepts

A

a large muscle on the back of the upper limb of many vertebrates. It consists of 3 parts: the medial, lateral, and long head. It is the muscle principally responsible for extension of the elbow joint

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10
Q

Glutemus maximus

A

control flexion of the trunk on the stance-side and to decelerate the swing leg

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11
Q

Hamstrings

A

You have three hamstring muscles at the back of your thigh

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12
Q

Deltoid

A

a thick, triangular shoulder muscle

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13
Q

Plantar Reflex

A
  • Babinski negative is when the toes been forward at stimulous
  • Babiski positive is when the toes been forward at stimulous
  • adults have a negative reactions, and babies have positive reactions because the fibers in their spinal cord and cerebral cortex are not completely covered in mylin
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14
Q

Sensory Adaptation

A
  • When your senses are adapted to a stimulus
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15
Q

DNA

A
  • double stranded
  • deoxyribose sugar
  • Structure: Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T).
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16
Q

RNA

A
  • genetica material of some viruses
  • bases are A, U, G and C
  • It has ribse as sugar
  • There are 3 types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
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17
Q

mRNA

A
  • carries info to make protiens
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18
Q

tRNA

A

transfers amino acids

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19
Q

rRNA

A

Assembles amino acids

20
Q

Purines

A
  • Adenine and Guanine
21
Q

Pyrimadines

A
  • Cytosine
  • Tymine
  • Uracil
22
Q

Transcripticon

A
  • DNA to RNA
23
Q

RNA to Protien

A

Translation

24
Q

Central Dogma

A

DNA to RNA to Protien

25
Q

Retroviruses

A
  • go from RNA to DNA
26
Q

Female Sex Chromosomes

A
  • XX
27
Q

Male Sex Chromosomes

A
  • XY
28
Q

How many chromosomes does a kid recieve from each parent?

A
  • 1
29
Q

Nondisjunction of spermatogensis can cause gametes that have:

A
  • no sex chromosomes
  • an x and a y chromosome
  • 2 x chromosomes
  • two y chromosomes
30
Q

Non-disjunction of oogenesis can cuase gametes that have

A
  • two x chromosomes

- no x chromosomes

31
Q

X-linked Recessive disordeders

A
  • tend to skip a generation

- usually only males in the family are affected

32
Q

Autosomal dominant disorders

A
  • people with autosomal dominant disorders always have at least one affected parent
33
Q

Autosomal Recessive disorder

A
  • can be seen in the children of healthy parents
34
Q

Dominant and Recessive

A
  • The pressence of many affected individuals in a family does not always mean that the trait is dominant
  • It is uncommon, but a recessive trait may still show up in all generations of a pedigree
  • You may not always be able to determine the genotype of an individual based ona pedigree
  • Although rare, females can get X-linked recessive diseases
35
Q

Homology

A

The study of different species that show close recelbance in their anatomy

36
Q

Taxonomy

A

A branch of biology in which various organisms showing resenblances have been classified

37
Q

Vesitgal Organs

A
38
Q

Homolougous structures

A

they have the same morhphology and likely devloeped froma common ancestor
ex: the wingo of a hummingbird and the wing of an ostrch share similar, shape and origin in a common ancestor

39
Q

Analagous structures

A
  • they have different morhology but similar function and likely developed independently of one anorther
40
Q

Most compelling evidence in support of evlution

A
  • the simularity of Dna across all orgamnsims
41
Q

The most significant trend in the evolution of movdern of man

A
  • increase in cranial size

- closest relative to man: chimp

42
Q

prebyopia-

A

as we age, our lens loses its elasticity, and we slowly lose our ability to accommodate

43
Q

myopia

A

near sighted

44
Q
  • hyperopia-
A
  • far sighted (generally happens with age)
45
Q
  • astigmatism
A

nonsmooth cornea

Human Biology (15 decks)

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