Biology Module 5

Question 1

Photosynthesis

Answer 1

The process which plants algae and some bacteria, harness harness solar energy and converted into chemical energy

Question 2

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 2

6 H2O + 6 CO2 + Light = C6 H12 O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 (oxygen)

Question 3

Pigment molecules

Answer 3

Capture energy from sun, energy is assembled CO2 molecules into glucose

Question 4

Additional compounds

Answer 4

Amino acids plus economically important products like rubber medicines spices

Question 5

Photons

Answer 5

Packets of light/kinetic energy

Question 6

Wavelength

Answer 6

Distance of photon moves during complete vibration, shorter equals more energy

Question 7

Sunlight contains

Answer 7

Ultraviolet radiation (shortest), visible light, infrared radiation (longest)

Question 8

Chlorophyll a

Answer 8

Green blue photosynthesis pigment in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria

Question 9

Chlorophyll b

Answer 9

Yellow green photosynthesis

Question 10

Carotenoids

Answer 10

Red, orange, yellow photosynthesis, absorb longer wavelengths

Question 11

Accessory pigment

Answer 11

Energy capturing pigment molecules, other than chlorophyll a

Question 12

Stomata

Answer 12

Tiny openings in the epidermis of a leaf or stem allows gas exchange, but water evaporates from the same openings

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

Organelles of photosynthesis in plants/algae, cells contain 40 to 200, two membranes enclose stroma

Question 14

Mesophyll

Answer 14

Photosynthetic tissue in the leaves, interior contain abundant chloroplast

Question 15

Stroma

Answer 15

Chloroplast’s fluid inner region, contain ribosomes, DNA, and enzymes, have 10-100 grana

Question 16

Grana

Answer 16

Stack of flattened thykaloid disks in a chloroplast, each stack 10 to 20 thykaloids

Question 17

Thykaloid

Answer 17

Pancake shaped structure that makes up the inner membrane of chloroplast. Each consist of membrane studied with photosynthetic pigments

Question 18

Thykaloid space

Answer 18

Inner compartment enclosed by a thykaloid membrane, anchored in membranes are photosystems

Question 19

Photosystems

Answer 19

Cluster of pigments plus proteins that participate in photosynthesis include 300 chlorophyll +50 accessory pigments

Question 20

Reaction center

Answer 20

Include special pairs of chlorophyll molecules that use photosynthesis energy in reactions

Question 21

Light reactions

Answer 21

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 22

Antenna pigments

Answer 22

Capture photon energy and funnel it to reaction center

Question 23

NADPH

Answer 23

Coenzyme that carries pairs of energized electrons, come from 2 reaction centers

Question 24

Carbon reactions

Answer 24

Second part of photosynthesis chlorophyll, replace loss electrons by splitting water molecules, yielding O2 as waste product

Question 25

Photosystem I /P700

Answer 25

Light absorption peak at 700 NM

Question 26

Photosystem II/P680

Answer 26

Long wavelength peak at 680 NM, photosynthesis begins here

Question 27

ATP synthesize

Answer 27

Enzyme complex to transform gradient, potential energy into chemical energy. ATP energy is released as gradient dissipates, which is used by ATP synthesize enzymes to add phosphate to ADP.

Question 28

Calvin cycle

Answer 28

Occur in chloroplast, stroma metabolic pathway that uses NADPH plus ATP to assemble CO2 molecules into free carbon carbohydrate molecules, eventually assembled into glucose plus other sugars

Question 29

Carbon fixation

Answer 29

First step the incorporation of carbon from CO2 into organic compound

Question 30

C3 Pathway

Answer 30

Calvin is free carbon molecule PGA as first stable compound, form rubisco

Question 31

C4 Pathway

Answer 31

CO2 combines with three carbon fairy molecule to form four carbon compound oxalacetate

Question 32

Photorespiration

Answer 32

Metabolic pathway in which RuBisCO reacts with O2 instead of CO2, open stomate, minimizes C4 pathway