Biology Module 3

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

1: All organism are made of one or more cells 2: cells are the fundamental unit of all life 3: all came from preexisting cells 4: same chemical composition 5: all use energy 6: contain DNA

Question 2

Prokaryotic

Answer 2

(Plant) no nucleus or organelles, include chloroplast, large central vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleoid, cytoplasm, all unicellular

Question 3

Eukaryotic

Answer 3

(Animal) Have nucleus, organelles, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosome, cytoskeleton

Question 4

Cell Membrane (P & E)

Answer 4

Separates cytoplasm from cell’s surroundings, transfered in and out substances, respond to external stimuli, composed of phospholipids

Question 5

Cytoplasm (P & E)

Answer 5

A fluid inside the cell that is similar to gel.

Question 6

deoxyribonucleic acid :(P) (E)

Answer 6

Known as DNA; contains the information the cell needs to make proteins to breakdown food into energy as well as the instructions for reproduction.

Question 7

Enzyme (P & E)

Answer 7

Protein the cell produces to speed up chemical reactions.

Question 8

Ribosome (P & E)

Answer 8

The structure that reads DNA in order to make proteins.

Question 9

Organelle (E)

Answer 9

“Little organs” inside the cell; examples are the mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and lysosomes.

Question 10

Nucleus (E)

Answer 10

The control center of the cell that contains the DNA; found in strands in the nucleus.

Question 11

Mitochondria (E)

Answer 11

Energy from food, The part of a cell that produces energy for the cell by respiration.

Question 12

Lysosome (E)

Answer 12

A sack that contains various enzymes.

Question 13

Golgi apparatus (E)

Answer 13

The part of a cell that modifies and transports proteins.

Question 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E)

Answer 14

A system of membranes that transports nutrients and proteins within the cell; Rough are covered with ribosomes to facilitate making proteins.

Question 15

Cell Wall (P)

Answer 15

A layer that supports the cell and acts as a further barrier between the cell interior and the environment.

Question 16

Chloroplast (P)

Answer 16

Captures energy from sunlight in a photosynthetic cell.

Question 17

Nucleoid (P)

Answer 17

The circular genetic material found in a coil in a prokaryotic cell.

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

Extensions longer than cillium, resemble tails, whiplike movements, used for sperm

Question 19

Phospholipid

Answer 19

Organic molecules glycerol binds to two fatty acids, third carbon binds to a phosphate group attached to additional atoms

Question 20

Head end of phospholipids

Answer 20

Polar covalent bond, hydrophilic

Question 21

Tail end of phospholipids

Answer 21

Two fatty acids that are hydrophobic

Question 22

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 22

Double layer of phospholipids that form in water, form majority of cell membrane

Question 23

Receptor

Answer 23

Find to molecules outside the cell and trigger internal response

Question 24

Messenger RNA

Answer 24

Cell copy the genes and coding proteins into these which exit the nucleus through nuclear pores

Question 25

Cytoskeleton (E)

Answer 25

Arrays of protein rods and tubules, structural framework, transportation system, aids cell division and keeps them together

Question 26

Intercellular junctions in animal cells

Answer 26

Tight junction, anchoring junction, gap junction

Question 27

Endomembrane system (E)

Answer 27

Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, lysosome, vacuoles, cell membrane

Question 28

Large central vacuole (P)

Answer 28

Watery solution of enzyme that degrade and recycle molecules/organelles, acidic pH

Question 29

Cytoskeleton Parts

Answer 29

Microfilament (thinnest, actin) Intermediate filament (maintain cell shape, mix) Microtubule (tubulin, track way for cell)