Biology Module 4

Question 1

Potential energy

Answer 1

Stored energy available to do work chemical plus concentration gradient

Question 2

Kinetic energy

Answer 2

Energy in motion, (light, sound, molecules)

Question 3

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, just converted from one form to another

Question 4

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

Every reaction loses some energy to surrounding heat, entropy always increases

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

The biochemistry reactions of a cell

Question 6

Endergonic reaction

Answer 6

Chemical reaction required a net input of energy, products contain more energy than reactants

Question 7

Exergonic reaction

Answer 7

Energy releasing chemical reaction, products contain less energy than reactants (cellular respiration)

Question 8

Electron transport chain

Answer 8

Membrane bound molecular complex that shuttles electrons to slowly extract energy. Each protein accepts electron then passes it. first is oxidized, second is reduced.

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

Type of nucleotide components are nitrogen containing base adenine, five carbon sugar ribose, and three phosphate groups, each with negatively charged oxygen atom, unstable, release energy when covalent bond between phosphate break

Question 10

H2O + ATP —> ADP + P

Answer 10

ATP hydrolysis releases energy that fuels endergonic reactions

Question 11

P + ADP —> ATP + H2O

Answer 11

Energy from exergonic reactions fuel ATP production

Question 12

ATP hydrolysis

Answer 12

Removing and most phosphate group of ATP, yields ADP and free phosphate group, cells use released energy

Question 13

Simple diffusion

Answer 13

Movement of solutes from high to low concentration without transport protein

Question 14

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 14

Movement of solutes from high to low with transport proteins

Question 15

Osmosis

Answer 15

Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration, through selectively permeable membrane, permits water not solutes to pets

Question 16

Active transport

Answer 16

Solute movement low to high concentration with transport protein and energy

Question 17

Oxidization reduction reaction

Answer 17

Chemical reaction in which one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced, transfer energized electrons

Question 18

Negative feedback

Answer 18

Regulatory mechanism in which a change in condition triggers action that reverses change

Question 19

Noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 19

Product molecules binding to the enzyme at a location other than the active site, altering the enzyme shape so it no longer binds to substrate

Question 20

Competitive inhibition

Answer 20

Product of a reactant binds to the enzymes active site preventing it from binding to the substrate

Question 21

Positive feedback

Answer 21

A process that reinforces an existing condition

Question 22

Concentration gradient

Answer 22

Difference in solute concentrations between two adjacent regions. More concentration equals less solute.

Question 23

Isotonic

Answer 23

Condition in which a solute concentration is the same on both sides of a permeable membrane

Question 24

Hypotonic

Answer 24

solute concentration is lower than it is inside the cell, water moves in faster than leaves, cell swell and may burst.

Question 25

Hypertonic

Answer 25

Higher concentration of solutes, then cell cytoplasm cell loses water, faster, shrivel, and may die

Question 26

Turgor pressure

Answer 26

Resulting force of water against the plant cell wall helps. Keep plants erect, hypertonic make plants wilt

Question 27

Transport vesicle

Answer 27

Small sack that can pinch off or fuse with cell membrane, aid large particles

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

Cell membrane engulf fluids in large molecules to bring them into the cell, vesicle forms from membrane and bring + surround particles into cell

Question 29

Pinocytosis

Answer 29

Cell engulf, small amounts of fluids and dissolved substances

Question 30

Exocytosis

Answer 30

Use vesicles to transport fluids and particles out of cell