Biology diseases Flashcards
What is health?
A state of mental and physical well-being
How are communicable diseases transmitted/ contracted?
Normally through other people but can also be affected by certain lifestyle factors like hygiene and environment
What is an example of an air-borne disease?
Tuberculosis, flu
Example of a food and drink disease?
Cholera, salmonella
How are diseases like verrucas, warts and athletes foot contracted?
Through direct contact
How do you prevent sexually transmitted diseases?
Condoms, regular health checks
What disease can be caused by breaks in the skin?
Tetanus
What is an example of a vector disease?
Malaria
What are the three types of human defence responses?
Phagocytosis
Antibodies
Anti toxins
Summarise one of the first ever experiments on sanitisation.
Doctors were spreading diseases from the morgue to maternity ward
Doctors started washing their hands
Maternal deaths decreased as a result
What is one disease plants can contract?
Tobacco mosaic virus
What is an example of tobacco mosaic virus in plants?
Discolouration
What is an antibody?
A protein produces by WBC in response to a foreign substance in the body
What is an antitoxin?
An antibody produces in response to a bacterial toxin
What is the definition of a disease?
A disorder which affects living organisms, a specific cause and particular signs and symptoms
What is the immune response?
The response of the immune system to foreign antigens. Antibodies are produced to destroy said foreign cells
What is immunity?
The way WBC and antibodies enable the body to combat infection
What is an infection?
The invasion of any living organism by disease-causing microorganisms
What is a pathogen?
Microorganism which causes disease
What is phagocytosis?
When foreign particles in the body are engulfed and broken down by phagocytes
What is a toxin?
A poison made by a living organism, especially a bacterium
What is a communicable disease?
A disease which can be transferred between organisms
What is a non communicable disease?
A disease which cannot be transferred between organisms
What is an example of a non communicable disease?
Cancer, diabetes, heart disease, neurological disorders
What are the two types of tumour?
Benign and malignant
What is a benign tumour?
Grows slowly and within a membrane so can be easily removed, doesn’t invade other parts of the body
What is a malignant tumour?
Grows quickly, Invades other tissue and can spread to other parts of the body in the blood, as the tumour grows, cancer cells detach and grow in other parts of the body
What is a carcinogen?
A substance that causes cancer
What is coronary heart disease?
A disease affecting the coronary arteries, affect supply of blood
What is a deficiency disease?
Any disease caused by inadequate intake of essential nutrients, generally vitamins, minerals and amino acids
What is herd immunity?
When a large % of the population is immune to a diseases, spread is reduced
What type of illness can antibiotics treat?
Bacterial NOT viruses
How does a vaccine work?
Weakened form of disease injected into the body
Body creates antibodies to fight them off
If the actual disease attacks, antibodies can destroy them
