Biology Chapter 7: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Chemoreceptors

Answer 1

including those of the taste buds in the tongue, olfactory receptors in the nose, carotid and aortic bodies, and chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla, are neurons involved in sensing molecules dissolved in gasses or liquids.

Question 2

Nociceptors

Answer 2

mediates the perception of pain.

Question 3

Baroreceptors

Answer 3

are a subclass of mechanoreceptors located in the walls of blood vessels, as well as the atrial and ventricular walls of the right side of the heart. They detect stretch, signaling changes in luminal pressure.

Question 4

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 4

neurons that respond to mechanical pressure or distortion. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors are responsible for somatosensation, while those embedded in muscles and ligaments are responsible for sensing muscular stretch and load, including in the afferent arm of a number of reflex arcs.

Question 5

How do steroid hormones regulate gene expression?

Answer 5

bind with nuclear receptors that regulate expression through transcription factors

Question 6

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 6

principal myelinating cells in the CNS

Question 7

Schwann cells

Answer 7

principal myelinating cells in the PNS

Question 8

Aldosterones effect on potassium

Answer 8

while K+ is technically a salt, aldosterone’s effect is to increase sodium reabsorption and enhance potassium excretion, altering the relative levels of these salts in the bloodstream

Question 9

What happens when sensitivity of insulin decreases

Answer 9

Insulin resistance. Need MORE insulin for glucose uptake (like in the case of diabetes)

Question 10

What happens when sensitivity of insulin increases

Answer 10

Don’t need a ton of insulin for glucose uptake (like in the case of trained endurance athletes)

Question 11

is the anterior or posterior pituitary gland directly connected to the hypothalamus?

Answer 11

posterior.

The hypothalamus produces hormones that are stored and released by the posterior pituitary.

These hormones travel down axons of neurosecretory cells from the hypothalamus into the posterior pituitary.

Question 12

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 12

t communicates with the anterior pituitary through the hypophyseal portal system, which is a network of blood vessels.

Question 13

True or False: The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) does NOT produce hormones

Answer 13

TRUE
The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) does NOT produce hormones, because hormones released from the posterior pituitary are actually produced by the hypothalamus.

Question 14

True or false: The posterior pituitary only stores and secretes hormones that were produced by the hypothalamus.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

Hormones secreted and stored by Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 15

Question 16

Hormones produced and secreted from anterior pituitary gland

Answer 16

Question 17

Hormones produced and secreted from hypothalamus

Answer 17

these hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus, and either act on the anterior pituitary or are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage and release.