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Biology 1 > BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 > Flashcards

BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

ANOTHER NAME FOR THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

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2
Q

BLOOD

A

Thick fluid that transports gases, nutrients, and waste as part of the circulatory system

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3
Q

ALBUMIN

A

Blood proteins that help regulate the water content of blood.

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4
Q

GLOBULINS

A

Any of a broad group of blood proteins that help transport fat throughout the body and fight infections

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5
Q

FIBRINOGEN

A

Blood protein that helps in blood clotting

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6
Q

CIRCULATORY SHOCK

A

Potentially lethal condition in which the body’s blood pressure falls to a critical low.

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7
Q

Red blood cells

A

blood cell that carries oxygen and hemoglobin molecules; also called erythrocyte

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8
Q

HEMOGLOBIN

A

Iron-containing blood proteins, found in red blood cells, that carries oxygen in the blood

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9
Q

ANEMIA

A

disorder resulting from too little oxygen being transported to body cells.

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10
Q

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

A

genetic disease that causes hemoglobin molecules to clump together, making red blood cells brittle and sickle-shaped under certain conditions.

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11
Q

SPLEEN

A

the hand-sized lymphatic organ that holds a large emergency supply of blood and red blood cells; cleans the blood of microbes; and works with the liver to destroy old, worn-out red blood cells.

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12
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

A

blood cells that function as part of the immune system, helping the body fight disease; also called leukocytes.

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13
Q

LEUKEMIA

A

A form of cancer in which white blood cells are produced in uncontrolled numbers.

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14
Q

PLATELET

A

a tiny disk-shaped cell fragment that helps patch blood vessels during clotting.

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15
Q

SCAB

A

fibrin and platelet structures are formed by a blood clot on the surface of the skin.

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16
Q

HEMOPHILIA

A

recessive sex-linked disease in which clots cannot form due to a hereditary defect in any of several blood clotting proteins.

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17
Q

ANTIGENS

A

CARBOHYDRATE MOLECULE ON THE SURFACE OF A CELL THAT FUNCTIONS AS AN IDENTIFICATION TAG

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18
Q

ABO BLOOD GROUP

A

The red blood cell antigen group consisting of antigens A and B

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19
Q

RH BLOOD GROUP

A

Red blood cell antigen group where the most important member is the Rh factor

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20
Q

RH FACTOR

A

The most important antigen in the RH blood group

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21
Q

ATRIUM

A

Either of the two thin-walled upper chambers of the heart.

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22
Q

A and V VALVES

A

either of the two heart valves that allow blood to flow from an atrium into a ventricle.

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23
Q

AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE

A

Heart valve that allows blood to exit the left ventricle and enter the aorta.

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24
Q

AORTA

A

The body’s largest artery from which all other systemic arteries branch.

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25
Q

BICUSPID VALVE

A

heart valve connecting the left atrium and left ventricle; also called the mitral valve.

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26
Q

CHAMBERS

A

any of the four internal hollow spaces of the heart.

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27
Q

CORONARY ARTERIES

A

two arteries that branch from the base of the aorta to supply blood to the cardiac muscle cells.

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28
Q

CARDIAC VEINS

A

system of veins that collect blood from the heart tissues and carry it to the right atrium.

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29
Q

CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM

A

System of special cardiac muscle fibers that generate electrical impulses and distribute them to all parts of the heart.

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30
Q

CARDIOLOGIST

A

A doctor specializing in the heart and its disorders.

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31
Q

DIASTOLE

A

Relaxing and filling the face of heart action.

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32
Q

ENDOCARDIUM

A

The inner layer of the heart, which provides a smooth coating for the heart’s interior.

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33
Q

EPICARDIUM

A

The layer of slippery tissue covering the outside of the heart to allow the heart to move easily within the pericardial sac.

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34
Q

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

A

Medical procedure in which the tiny electrical currents in the heart or detected by an electrode taped to the patient’s skin

35
Q

HEART

A

Pump that propels blood through the circulatory system.

36
Q

HEARTBEAT

A

lub dub sounds produced by the heart during the cardiac cycle.

37
Q

HEART MURMUR

A

Abnormal rushing or blowing heart sound produced by valve damage.

38
Q

HEART ATTACK

A

Type of heart failure caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.

39
Q

MYCARDIUM

A

Middle layer of the heart, containing the actual heart muscle tissue.

40
Q

PERICARDIUM

A

tough, white sac in which the heart is encased.

41
Q

PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE

A

heart valve that allows blood to exit the right ventricle and enter the pulmonary arteries.

42
Q

PULMONARY ARTERY

A

either of two blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

43
Q

PULMONARY VEINS

A

either of two pairs of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

44
Q

SEPTUM

A

thick vertical wall dividing the left and right sides of the heart.

45
Q

SEMILUNAR VALVES

A

either of the two heart valves that allow blood to flow to the body from the ventricles.

46
Q

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

A

vein that returns blood from the upper part of the body to the heart.

47
Q

SINOATRIAL NODE

A

portion of the cardiac conduction system that functions as the heart’s pacemaker.

48
Q

SYSTOLE

A

contracting and pumping phase of heart action.

49
Q

TRICUSPID VALVE

A

heart valve connecting the right atrium and right ventricle

50
Q

VENTRICLES

A

thick-walled lower chamber of the heart.

51
Q

VALVES

A

half of a diatom’s cell wall.

52
Q

VENAE CAVAE

A

two large veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

53
Q

ALVEOLUS

A

one of the microscopic air sacs of the lungs in which gas exchange takes place.

54
Q

BRONCHI

A

either of the two tubes into which the trachea divides, one going to each lung.

55
Q

BRONCHIOLE

A

small tube, branching from a secondary bronchus, that ends in alveoli

56
Q

BRONCHITIS

A

inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

57
Q

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

A

allergic condition characterized by spasms of the bronchial tube muscles.

58
Q

COMMON COLD

A

most common respiratory disease, caused by any of over a hundred different types of viruses.

59
Q

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

A

a recessive genetic disease caused by a defect that affects the chlorine gates of lung cell membranes; abbreviated CF.

60
Q

DIAPHRAGM

A

thick sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

61
Q

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

process of breathing

62
Q

EPIGLOTTIS

A

small flap of cartilage in the pharynx that closes the top of the trachea during swallowing

63
Q

EXHALATION

A

process in breathing in which air rushes from the lungs due to increased pressure

64
Q

EMPHYSEMA

A

progressive deterioration of the alveoli caused by malfunctioning enzymes.

65
Q

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood cells and tissue cells.

66
Q

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

A

group of muscles located between the ribs; lift the rib cage to aid breathing.

67
Q

INHALATION

A

process in breathing in which air rushes into the lungs due to decreased pressure

68
Q

INFLUENZA

A

viral respiratory disease that causes fever, aching muscles, headache, and chest pain.

69
Q

LUNGS

A

either of two large, spongy organs that are the primary organs of the respiratory system

70
Q

Larynx

A

special enlargement of the trachea in which speech originates; also called voice box.

71
Q

LARYNGEAL MUSCLES

A

muscles in the larynx that move the vocal cords.

72
Q

LUNG CANCER

A

A respiratory disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal lung cells.

73
Q

NASAL CAVITY

A

cavity inside the nose that warms, moistens, and filters air.

74
Q

NASAL MEATUS

A

irregularly shaped pocket in the nasal cavity

75
Q

PNEUMONIA

A

bacterial or viral infection of the linings in the lungs that cause the lungs to secrete large quantities of fluid.

76
Q

PLEURA

A

double membrane that provides lubrication between the ribs and the surface of the lungs

77
Q

PLEURISY

A

inflammation of the pleura

78
Q

SECONDARY BRONCHI

A

branches into which a bronchus divides after entering the lungs

79
Q

TRACHEA

A

the tube that carries air from the pharynx to the lungs; also called the windpipe.

80
Q

TIDAL VOLUME

A

volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing

81
Q

TUBERCULOSIS

A

severe respiratory disease caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

82
Q

VOCAL CORDS

A

structures in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound

83
Q

VITAL CAPACITY

A

maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled.

Biology 1 (8 decks)

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