Biology and neuroscience

Question 1

What are the nervous system influences

Answer 1

nature and nurture

Question 2

What are microglial?

Answer 2

immune system cells that respond to pathogens and damage

Question 3

What are the excitatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 3

-acetylcholine (Ach)
- glutamate
-serotonin
- dopamine

Question 4

What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?

Answer 4

• Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• glycine
• serotonin
• dopamine

Question 5

What is an agonist neurotransmitter?

Answer 5

drug replicates receptor action (receptor opens)

Question 6

What is an antagonist neurotransmitter?

Answer 6

drug prevents receptor action (receptor closes)

Question 7

What is a direct neurotransmitter?

Answer 7

drug binds at same site

Question 8

What is an indirect neurotransmitter?

Answer 8

drug binds at different site

Question 9

What are the 2 major categories of the PNS? And what does it mean?

Answer 9

somatic(what we control) and autonomic (what we can’t control)

Question 10

What is the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems control of?

Answer 10

S - fight or flight
PS- breathing, heart beat

Question 11

What is the difference between afferent and efferent?

Answer 11

A - from sensory nerves
E - to motor nerves

Question 12

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 12

-making decisions

Motor cortex
- preforming voluntary movement

Prefrontal cortex
- deciding when, why, and how to complete actions

Question 13

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 13

• processing numbers and preforming calculations

Somatosensory cortex
- receptor of sensation

Question 14

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 14

• important in recognizing and using language

Auditory cortex
- processes auditory information

Olfactory
- smell

Question 15

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 15

Visuospatial cortex
- visual processing
damage could cause blindness

Question 16

What is the reticular activating system responsible for?

Answer 16

• regulating awareness (ex. sleeping )
• coordinates several brain areas

Question 17

What is the function of the limbic system and what does the amygdala do?

Answer 17

• helps store emotional memories
• involved in fear

Question 18

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 18

• coordinating movements and thought
• muscle memory

Question 19

What is the thalamus responsible for?

Answer 19

• relay sensory information
• every sense passes through this but not smell

Question 20

What is the function of the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis)

Answer 20

• activated in time of stress

Question 21

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 21

• connects the two hemispheres of brain and shares information

Question 22

Explain MRI.

Answer 22

• magnetic fields to picture hydrogen ions
• precision, no radiation
• detect changed in structure due to disease

Question 23

Explain CT.

Answer 23

• uses x-ray to get “slice” images
• fast and cheap
• detect changes in structure due to disease

Question 24

Explain fMRI.

Answer 24

• magnetic fields to picture hydrogen ions
• no radiation, no injection
• measure activation during tasks/ areas of brain that is active

Question 25

Explain DTI.

Answer 25

• tracks and images water movement in pathways and density of neural tracts
• non invasive, no radiation
• white matter degeneration

Question 26

Explain PET.

Answer 26

-ingested radioactive compound to track molecular changes
- molecular changes in real time
- visualize the activity of specific neurotransmitters and binding