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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biology?

A

Biology is the study of life.

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2
Q

Four Criteria for Life

A

All life forms contain deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from their surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them.

All life forms can sense and respond to changes in their surroundings.

All life forms reproduce.

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3
Q

What is an atom?

A

The atom is the smallest chemical unit of matter.

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4
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is two or more atoms linked together to make a substance with unique properties.

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5
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Nucleotides are the little units attached to each strand in the DNA molecule.

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6
Q

What is the DNA sequence?

A

Adenine only links to thymine and thymine only links to adenine.

Cytosine only links to guanine and guanine only links to cytosine.

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7
Q

What is glucose?

A

Glucose is the chemical that plants make for food. It is considered an energy source.

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8
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food.

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9
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Metabolism is the sum total of all processes in an organism that convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism’s life functions.

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10
Q

What are receptors?

A

Receptors are special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.

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11
Q

What are precocial offspring?

A

Precocial offspring are offspring that are born able to see, hear, move about, regulate body temperature, and eliminate waste without a parent’s help.

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12
Q

What are altricial offspring?

A

Altricial offspring are offspring born without at least one of the following abilities: see, hear, move about, regulate body temperature, or eliminate waste.

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13
Q

What is the cell?

A

The cell is the smallest unit of life in creation.

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14
Q

What is an organelle?

A

An organelle is a structure inside a cell.

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15
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell.

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16
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane is an outer covering of a cell.

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17
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not have distinct, membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells do have distinct, membrane-bound organelles.

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18
Q

What kind of cells are members of Kingdom Monera composed of?

A

Prokaryotic cells.

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19
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A pathogen is an organism that causes disease.

20
Q

What is starch?

A

Starch is a complex carbohydrate that is stored and used as food and energy for plants and animals.

21
Q

What kind of cells are members of Kingdom Protista composed of?

A

Eukaryotic cells.

22
Q

What are decomposers?

A

Decomposers are organisms that break down other organisms after they have died.

23
Q

Name the two main differences between plant cells and animal cells.

A
  1. Plant cells are usually more square than animal cells.

2. Plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not.

24
Q

What is phototropism?

A

Phototropism is the ability of plants to sense the light and grow towards it.

25
Q

What is gravotrophism?

A

Gravotrophism is the ability of plants to sense which way is up and grow that way.

26
Q

What is vegetative reproduction?

A

Vegetative reproduction is the process by which one part of a plant can form new roots and develop into a complete plant.

27
Q

What is turgor pressure?

A

Turgor pressure is the pressure inside a plant cell that allows the plant to stand upright.

28
Q

What is included in Kingdom Animalia?

A

Kingdom Animalia includes insects, birds, and animals as we know them.

29
Q

What is an endoskeleton?

A

An endoskeleton is a skeleton on the inside of the body.

30
Q

What is an exoskeleton?

A

An exoskeleton is a body covering, typically made of chitin, that acts as a skeleton.

31
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

Vertebrates are all creatures with a vertebral column backbone.

32
Q

What are invertebrates?

A

Invertebrates are all members of Kingdom Animalia that do not have a backbone.

33
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk.

34
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

The appendicular skeleton is the part of the skeleton that includes the limbs and the bones they attach to.

35
Q

What are arthropods?

A

Arthropods are animals with exoskeletons.

36
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

Symbiosis is a close relationship between two or more species in which at least one benefits.

37
Q

What are producers?

A

Producers are organisms that produce their own food.

38
Q

What are consumers?

A

Consumers are organisms that do not produce their own food.

39
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

A herbivore is a consumer that eats only producers.

40
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

A carnivore is a consumer that eats only other consumers.

41
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An omnivore is a consumer that eats both producers and consumers.

42
Q

What does endothermic mean?

A

Warm-blooded

43
Q

What does ectothermic mean?

A

Cold-blooded

44
Q

What are xylem?

A

Xylem are tubes in a plant that transport water from the roots to the rest of the plant.

45
Q

What are phloem?

A

Phloem are tubes in a plant that carry food from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

General Science (14 decks)

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