Biology Flashcards
What is the name of the type of cell with a nucleus with DNA inside?
Eukaryote cells
Types of eukaryote cell?
Plant/animal
Fungi/plankton
What is the name of the type of cell that have DNA but not in a nucleus?
Prokaryotes
Is bacteria singled celled organisms?
Yes. They are also prokaryotes
Rank from smallest to largest:
Organs, Cells, Tissues, Organelles and Organ system
Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ system
What features does a plant cell have but not animal cell?
Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplast
What are two animal cells that don’t need chloroplast? and why?
Root cell - it gets no sunlight
Flower cells - they don’t photosynthesise
Sperm cell features and job?
1) Fertilise the egg, 23 chromosomes
2) Flagella/tail to swim
3) Head contains enzymes (to break the egg lining) and carries nucleus with DNA
Egg cell features and job?
1) Matured in the ovaries and travel to uterus
2) Fertilised to produce fetus, 23 chromosomes
3) Larger than sperm cells
Palisade cells features and job?
1) Found on top of leaves
2) Receives sunlight for photosynthesis
3) Large surface area
Ciliated cells features and job?
1) Found in Fallopian tubes, throat, and the digestive system
2) Moves things like: egg, mucus and food
Root hair cell features and job?
1) Plant cell with no chloroplast
2) Found in the roots/soil underground
3) Absorb nutrients and H2O (large surface area)
Nerve cell features and job?
1) Found everywhere in the body
2) Reason you feel pain
3) Long, connections at each end
4) Carry electrical signals
What is Osmosis?
The movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration
What are the four components of blood?
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets
Plasma
Red blood cell features and job?
1) Carry oxygen, no nucleus for space
2) Found in blood
3) Contains haemoglobin, which joints with oxygen
4) Large surface area
White blood cell features and job?
1) Main part of our defence against pathogenic micro organisms
2) Phagocytes are cells which contain special lytic enzymes which engulf and digest pathogens
3)T Cells actively destroy pathogens
4) B cells provide antibodies which attack pathogens
5)T & B cells can become memory cells
Platelets features and job?
1) Small fragments of cells
2) Do not possess a nucleus
3) Involved in the process of forming clots at sizes where there is a wound or cut
Plasma features and job?
1) Transports dissolved substances like: hormones, nutrients and waste substances
2) Straw coloured liquid
3) 55% of blood
Who made the early microscope?
Robert Hooke
2 types of microscopes?
Light microscopes and electron microscope
Which microscope can see in more depth? Light or electron?
Electron
What is mitosis?
Type of cell division that results into the production of 2 identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.
What is cytokinesis?
Process that occurs at the end of mitosis, which the cytoplasm of the parental cell divides, making 2 identical daughter cells.
What is aerobic respiration?
Chemical process that uses oxygen to produce energy from glucose in cells
What is anaerobic respiration?
A chemical process that produced energy in cells without oxygen
What are plasmids?
DNA found in bacteria cells (prokaryotes)
What does the nucleus in a cell do?
1) Controls and regulates the activities of the cells.
2) Carries the DNA
What does the mitochondria do?
1) Produce the energy necessary for the cell’s survival
2) Breaks down food into energy
What does the ribosome do?
1) Making proteins
2) Where protein synthesis takes place
Word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water + light energy -> glucose + oxygen
