Biology

Question 1

Specialisation in animal cells

Answer 1

As their body develops is becomes a specialised cell

Question 2

When can plant cells differentiate

Answer 2

Able to differentiate all through their lives

Question 3

What cells can animal cells differentiate into

Answer 3

Red blood cells

Muscle cells

Skin cells

Question 4

What can plant cells differentiate into

Answer 4

All types of plant cells

Phloem cells

Xylem cells

Root hair cells

Question 5

Exchanging materials

Answer 5

Exchange of many materials in the body happens through diffusion

where materials move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration

Question 6

Evaluate the use of stem cells from embryos or from adult bone marrow for treating human diseases

Answer 6

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body

Adult stem cells can differentiate into a limited range of cell types

Question 7

Tissue

Answer 7

Group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function

Question 8

Muscular tissue

Answer 8

Contracts to move whatever it”s attached to

Question 9

Glandular tissue

Answer 9

Makes and secretes chemicals such as enzymes and hormones

Question 10

Epithelial tissue

Answer 10

Covers some parts of the body

Question 11

Organ

Answer 11

Group of tissues working together to carry out a particular function

Question 12

Where is amylase made

Answer 12

Salvary glands

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 13

Where is protease made

Answer 13

Stomach

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 14

Where is lipase found

Answer 14

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 15

Where is bile produced and stored

Answer 15

Produced - liver

Stored - gallbladder

Question 16

Function of pancreas

Answer 16

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes

Releases these into the small intestine

Question 17

Function of liver

Answer 17

Where bile is produced

Question 18

Alveoli

Answer 18

Tiny air sacs in the lungs surrounded by a network of blood capillaries

Question 19

How does gas exchange happen

Answer 19

Blood passing next to alveoli returned to lungs from rest of body

Oxygen diffuses out of the alveolus into the blood

When blood reaches body cells oxygen released from red blood cells and diffuse into body cells

CO2 diffuses out of body cells into blood then carried to lungs

Question 20

Process of breathing

Answer 20

When you inhale air enters lungs and oxygen from that air moves to your blood

CO2 waste gas moves from blood to lungs and exhaled

Question 21

Organs in plant

Answer 21

Stem

Roots

Leaves

Question 22

Examples of plant tissues

Answer 22

Epidermal tissue - covers whole plant

Phloem

Xylem

Question 23

What causes evaporation in plants

Answer 23

Water that evaporates inside the stomata

Question 24

Factors that increase rate or evaporation faster

Answer 24

High temperature

Dry air

No wind

Question 25

Protists

Answer 25

Single celled eukaryotes Malaria

Question 26

Fungi

Answer 26

A disease caused by fungus Rose black spot

Question 27

Bacteria

Answer 27

Very small cells which can reproduce rapidly inside your body They can make you feel ill by producing toxins that damage your cells

Question 28

Viral diseases examples

Answer 28

Measles HIV Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 29

Bacterial disease examples

Answer 29

Gonorrhea Cholera Tuberclosis

Question 30

How to grow bacteria in a lab

Answer 30

Agar plates are used to culture (grow) bacteria and fungi in the lab Created by pouring hot molten agar into sterile petri dishes Petri dishes are used to grow cells from organisms

Question 31

First and second line of defence against bacteria

Answer 31

Phagocytes (white blood cells) can engulf the pathogens and digest them Lymphocytes produce antibodies to lock onto the invading cells

Question 32

Plant diseases

Answer 32

Rose black spot Causes purple or black spots The leaves then turn yellow and drop off

Question 33

Plant defence responses (physical)

Answer 33

Waxy cuticle provides barrier to stop pathogens from entering Plant cells have cell wall forming barrier against the pathogens Layers of dead cells act as barrier to stop pathogens from entering

Question 34

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 34

B-lymphocytes Produced from lots of clones of a single white blood cell

Question 35

Plant defences (chemical)

Answer 35

Can produce antibacterial chemicals Some plants can produce poison

Question 36

Plant defenses (mechanical)

Answer 36

Thorns stop animals from touching or eating them Other plants droop or curl when touched Venus flytrap

Question 37

How to make monoclonal antibodies

Answer 37

Insert antigen in mouse Mouse immunes response occurs B lymphocytes takwn from mouse Lymphocytes combines with tumour cells Many antibodies produced in the fermenter

Question 38

Uses of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 38

Cancer Poisoning Viral infections

Question 39

How do painkillers work

Answer 39

When in pain a protein releases chemicals which send a signal to the brain telling you you're in pain

Question 40

Function of vacuole

Answer 40

A sac that stores water

Question 41

Which organ system contains heart cells

Answer 41

Circulatory system

Question 42

What medical condition could be treated using heart cells created from an embryo?

Answer 42

Heart disease

Question 43

Independant variable

Answer 43

The variable which changes

Question 44

Control variable

Answer 44

Variable kept the same

Question 45

Dependant variable

Answer 45

The variable that is measured

Question 46

Where protein digested in digestive system

Answer 46

Small intestine