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Biology > B8 Photosynthesis > Flashcards

B8 Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process when plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose

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2
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

light
Carbon dioxide + water —————–> glucose + oxygen

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3
Q

Symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

light
6CO2 + 6H2O —————–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

Describe process of photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis uses energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen

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5
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place

A

In chloroplasts in green plant cells

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6
Q

How is energy transferred to the chloroplasts from the environment

A

By light

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7
Q

How plants get the materials they need for growth

A

From air and water

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8
Q

Describe how the leaf is adapted for photosynthesis

A

A leaf usually has a large surface area, so that it can absorb a lot of light

Contains palisade cell to absorb light

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9
Q

How adaptations of the leaf make photosynthesis efficient

A

Light provides energy needed for photosynthesis

As light level is raised rate of photosynthesis increases

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10
Q

Why do plants need light for photosynthesis

A

To convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates

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11
Q

Describe an experiment to prove that plants carry out photosynthesis when exposed to light

A

Place boiling tube so pondweed is 10 cm away from light source

Allow boiling tube to stand for five minutes

Count number of bubbles emerging from the cut end of the stems in one minute

Repeat the count five times and record your results

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12
Q

Why chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis

A

To absorb light

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13
Q

What is amount of chlorophyll in a plant be affected by

A

Disease or environmental stress such as lack of nutrients

These factors can damage chloroplasts or not make enough chlorophyll

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14
Q

Why would photosynthesis be reduced if there isn’t enough chlorophyll

A

They can’t absorb as much light

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15
Q

List the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Temperature

Carbon dioxide concentration

Light intensity

Amount of chlorophyll

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16
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

As temperature increases the number of collisions between enzymes and substrate increases, so rate of photosynthesis increases

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17
Q

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures

A

Denatured

18
Q

How does carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

As CO2 increases the plant can use more of the available light and water to photosynthesis

If concentration of carbon dioxide is increased, the rate of photosynthesis will increase

19
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

Increased light intensity means more energy is available to drive the light-dependent reactions

20
Q

What is photoinhibition

A

If light intensity continues to increase beyond saturation point it can lead to photoinhibition where rate of photosynthesis decreases

21
Q

Why low temperature limits rate of photosynthesis

A

If its too low the enzymes needed for photosynthesis work more slowly at low temperatures

22
Q

Why shortage of carbon dioxide limits rate of photosynthesis

A

When there is a shortage of CO2 there isn’t enough carbon available to produce glucose

23
Q

Why shortage of light intensity limits rate of photosynthesis

A

Without enough light, a plant cannot photosynthesise very quickly

24
Q

how the rate of photosynthesis will be affected with more than one limiting factor

A

Any change in the level of a limiting factor will affect the rate of reaction

25
Q

How to tell where on a graph there is a limiting factor

A

Where there is a straight line on the graph

26
Q

List ways in which plants use glucose

A

Respiration

Making cellulose and amino acids

Stored as starch, oil or fats

27
Q

How is glucose used for making cellulose and amino acids

A

Converted into cellulose for making strong plant cell walls

Glucose is combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids which then made to proteins

28
Q

How is glucose stored as oil, fats, starch

A

Glucose turned into lipids

Glucose turned into starch and stored in roots for storage and long-term energy usage

29
Q

Explain how carnivorous plants are adapted to their environment

A

Have adaptations to provide additional nutrients by consuming insects

30
Q

How to test a leaf for starch

A

Dip leaf in water to soften it

Spread leaf on white tile

Add iodine

A chemical reagent, which changes from yellow-brown to blue-black in the presence of starch

31
Q

Safety rules for testing leaf for starch

A

Ensure ethanol is kept away from naked flames

Students should wear eye protection

32
Q

Risks involved in starch test

A

Ethanol is highly flammable

33
Q

Why greenhouses increases plant growth

A

Warmth and humidity promote plant growth

34
Q

How using greenhouses can help control limiting factors and increase the rate of photosynthesis

A

Paraffin lamps inside a greenhouse increases rate of photosynthesis as burning paraffin produces CO2 and heat

35
Q

Cost-effectiveness of adding heat greenhouses

A

Use of alternative energy sources (solar, geothermal) are cheaper to use

36
Q

Cost-effectiveness of adding light to greenhouses

A

LED lights have longer lifespan and is cheaper

37
Q

Cost-effectiveness of adding carbon dioxide to greenhouses

A

CO2 enrichment is highly cost effective when other conditions are optimal

38
Q

What are hydroponics

A

Technique of growing plants using a water-based nutrient solution rather than soil

39
Q

Benefits of hydroponics

A

Conserves water

Crops grow faster

Produce higher yields

40
Q

Economic value of hydroponics

A

Promoting cost savings for growers

Reduces labour costs and risks

41
Q

Economic value of greenhouses

A

Increase crop production

Reduces the dependency on seasonal cycles

Enables year-round production

42
Q

Photosynthesis is ENDOTHERMIC reaction because…

A

Needs more input of energy from environment

Biology (12 decks)

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