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Biology > B1 Cells And Organisation > Flashcards

B1 Cells And Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

Total magnification =

A

Eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens magnification

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2
Q

Main parts of animal cell

A

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

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3
Q

Main parts of plant cell

A

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Cell wall - provides strength and support

Chloroplasts

Vacuole

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

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4
Q

How to prepare a microscope slide

A

Place a thin sample of the specimen on a slide

Add a drop of stain if necessary to enhance contrast

Carefully place a cover slip over the specimen to avoid air bubbles

Gently press down to spread the sample evenly

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5
Q

Magnification

A

Ability to make small objects seem larger

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6
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish two objects from each other

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7
Q

Difference between light and electron microscope

A

Electron has high magnification up to 1,000,000x and high resolving power

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8
Q

Similarities between electron and light microscope

A

Images can be formed from the radiation that is transmitted through the specimen

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9
Q

Use of electron microscope

A

To investigate cells even further

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10
Q

How to work out magnification

A

Size of image/size of real object

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11
Q

Disadvantages of electron microscopes

A

Live cells cannot be imaged as samples must be placed under vacuum

Only black and white image produced

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12
Q

Disadvantages of light microscope

A

At a certain size image becomes blurry

Limited resolution

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13
Q

Advantages of electron microscopes

A

Extremely good magnification

Higher resolution

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14
Q

Advantages of light microscopes

A

Easy to use

Allows you to view live samples of specimen

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15
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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16
Q

Which part of a cell is the powerhouse of a cell

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores water

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18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where proteins are made

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19
Q

Cell wall

A

Provide structure and protection

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20
Q

Why some cells do not contain all cell structures

A

Cells are specialized to perform specific functions

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21
Q

Compare plant and animal cells

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and membrane

Animal cells only have a cell membrane

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22
Q

What microscope is used to see algae

A

Compound microscope

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23
Q

How to prepare for microscope slide

A

Place specimen on slide

Apply drop of water

Gently lower a coverslip over the specimen

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24
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

A simple cell that does not have a nucleus

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25
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

26
Q

Unicellular cell

A

Organisms made up of only one cell

27
Q

Sub-cellular

A

Structures are smaller parts that make up a cell

28
Q

Example of prokayotic cells

A

Bacteria

29
Q

Examples of eukaryotic cells

A

Animal

Plant

Fungi

30
Q

What are prokrayotic cell walls made up of

A

Peptidoglycan

31
Q

Do prokayrotic or eukaryotic cells contain a membrane bound nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

32
Q

Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, have fewer sub-cellular
structures and divide by binary fission

Eukaryotic cells are bigger, have more sub-cellular
structures and divide by mitosis

33
Q

Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Cell membrane

DNA

Ability to divide and reproduce

34
Q

Permanent vacuole

A

Contains cell sap (weak solution of sugar and salts

35
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Where photosynthesis occurs

36
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Absorbs light needed for photosynthesis

37
Q

Plasmids

A

Small rings of DNA

38
Q

Plasmids function

A

Can replicate and move between cells so that genetic information can be shared

39
Q

What parts of a cell does bacteria not have

A

Chloroplasts

Mitochondria

40
Q

How to use a light microscope

Steps 1-3

A

Clip the slide you’ve prepared onto stage

Select lowest powered objective lens

Use coarse adjustment knob to move stage up

41
Q

How to use a light microscope

Steps 4-6

A

Look down eyepiece. Use coarse adjustment knob until get clear image of what’s on slide

Adjust the focus with fine adjustment knob until get clear image

42
Q

Why animals have specialised cells

A

To carry out a particular role in the body

43
Q

Specialised cells

A

Cells designed to carry out a particular role in the body

44
Q

How structure of specialised cells related to their function within the organism

A

Their structure is adapted to their function

45
Q

Compare the structure of a specialised and generalised animal cell

A

Generalised cells have simple strcture and can perform basic functions

Specialised cells have complex strtxures and perform specific functions

46
Q

What determines the function of a specialized cells

A

The active genes in the cell

47
Q

How to suggest the function of an unknown
specialised cell based on its structure

A

Examine cell shape

Elongated cells could have a role in movement or contraction

Flattened cells may suggest covering or protective role

48
Q

How are animal cells adapted

A

Specialised cells are adapted to specific functions and so are more efficient in carrying them out

49
Q

How do prokaryotic cells replicate/divide

A

Binary fission

50
Q

How does binary fission (when cell splits in two) work

A

The circular DNA and plasmids replicate

Cell gets bigger and circular DNA moves to opposite poles

Cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walla begin to form

Cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells produced

Each daughter cell has 1 copy of circular DNA

51
Q

Structure of specialised cell

A

A flat disc shape with dips on both sides (biconcave)

52
Q

Features of specialised cell

A

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Haploid nucleus

53
Q

Function of villi

A

They increase surface area in a big way so digested food is absorbed more quickly into the blood

54
Q

How many villi are in small intestine

A

Millions

55
Q

How does carbon dioxide diffuse within the leaf

A

Diffuses into the air spaces wihtin the leaf

56
Q

How does shape of leaf increase exchange surface

A

Flattened shape increase area of exchange surface

57
Q

Features of lamellae which increases surface area

A

Lots of blood capillaries to speed up diffusion

Thin surface layer

58
Q

What are Prokaryotic cells are made up of

A

Peptidoglycan

59
Q

Eukaryotic cell wall made up of

A

Cellulose

60
Q

How do eukaryotic cells divide

A

Mitosis and meosis

Biology (12 decks)

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