Biological molecules - protein synthesis Flashcards
what is the main outcome of transcription?
DNA is copied and transported to the site of protein synthesis (the ribosomes)
what is the main outcome of translation?
to produce proteins
the process of transcription
1 - the DNA is unzipped by DNA helicase
2 - free nucleotides pair with complementary base strands on the template strand
3 - phosphodiester bonds form between RNA nucleotides by RNA polymerase
4 - the completed mRNA strand detaches and leaves through the nuclear pore
what is the sense strand?
one strand of the DNA out of the 2 that has a code
what is the difference between RNA and DNA in terms of bases?
RNA has uracil instead of thymine
what bonds are formed in transcription?
phosphodiester bonds
what enzymes help the bonds to form between the free nucleotides?
RNA polymerase
what is mRNA?
the messenger RNA that leaves the nucleus due to its small size
where does the RNA leave the nucleus?
the nuclear pore
what is the process of translation?
1 - mRNA binds to the ribosome and gets translated
2 - tRNA binds to the mRNA start codon (tRNA has complementary anti-codon)
3 - amino acids are brought together in correct sequence to form primary protein structure and the polypeptide chains grows
What is tRNA?
transfer RNA
What is an anti-codon?
3 bases at the end of the molecule that binds to a complementary codon on mRNA
What is the polypeptide chain?
the chain of amino acids that forms the primary structure of a protein
