Biological molecules - nucleic acids

Question 1

What are pyrimidines?

Answer 1

They have single carbon bonds

Question 2

What bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 2

Cytosine and thymine

Question 3

What are purines?

Answer 3

double bonds between the carbon atoms

Question 4

What bases are purines?

Answer 4

Adenine and guanine

Question 5

What bond is between the phosphates and the sugars?

Answer 5

phosphodiester bonds

Question 6

what is the structure of DNA?

Answer 6

a phosphate, pentose deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base

Question 7

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 7

a phosphate, pentose ribose sugar

Question 8

What nitrogenous bases are in RNA?

Answer 8

Uracil, cytosine, adenine, guanine

Question 9

How are phosphodiester bonds formed?

Answer 9

condensation reaction

Question 10

what shape does the DNA structure form?

Answer 10

a double helix which is anti-parallel

Question 11

What bond is between the nitrogenous bases?

Answer 11

Hydrogen

Question 12

how are the phosphodiester bonds broken?

Answer 12

hydrolysis reactions

Question 13

what nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?

Answer 13

thymine or uracil

Question 14

what nitrogenous base pairs with guanine?

Answer 14

cytosine

Question 15

What is RNA role?

Answer 15

they copy a strand of DNA and remove it out of the nucleus for protein synthesis

Question 16

How is DNA extracted from plant material?

Answer 16

1 - grind sample with pestle and motor to break down cell walls
2 - mix the sample with detergent to break down the cell membrane
3- add salt to break the hydrogen bonds between DNA and water molecules
4 - add protease enzyme to break down proteins associated with the DNA
5 - add a layer of ethanol on top which causes DNA to precipitate out of solution
6 - DNA would appear as white strands between the sample and the alcohol
7- the white layer can be spooled onto a glass rod

Question 17

name 3 different types of RNA found in cells

Answer 17

tRNA, mRNA, rRNA