BIOL232Z: practical exam revision Flashcards
madagascan cockroach classification
-Phylum: Arthropoda
-Class: insecta
-Order: blatteria
-Family: blaberidae
madagascan hissing cockroach species name
Gromphadorhina portentosa
cockroach head
just top section (plate) contains antenna and eyes
cockroach thorax
second two plates, legs attached
cockroach abdomen
remaining plates
cockroach cerci
paired sensory organs at tip of abdomen
cockroach legs
contain coxa (upper part that attaches to the thorax), trochanter (first joint, joins femur to coxa), tibia and tarsus
cockroach sex
-male: 3 distinctive abdomen segments at tip of ventral side, distinctive horns on head
-females: single plate
cockroach head anatomy
-eyes on top of head, antenna just below
-labial palps (short jointed appendages projecting from head)
-maxilary palps (larger pair of appendages)
cockroach crop
large air like structure at top of digestive tract
cockroach oesophagus
just above crop
cockroach digestive parts
midgut, ventrilicus, ileum, colon all situated below the crop (in that order)
cockroach gastric caeca
where crop joins the midgut, series of finger-like projections that secrete enzymes for digestion
cockroach Malpighian tubes
where the ileum joins the colon, thread like organs that are used in nitrogen exchange
cockroach accessory gland
finger like projection near end of the digestive tract
cockroach nerve cord
runs ventrally internally
garden snail classification
-Phylum: mollusca
-Class: Gastropoda
-Order: Stylommatophora
-Family: Helicidae
Garden snail species name
Cornu ospersum
snail dextral operculum
opening of the snail is on the right
snail sinistral operculum
opening of the snail is on the left
snail sexual maturity
lip curving away from the main axis indicates sexual maturity
snail foot
muscular outside portion of the snail
snail head
portion just behind the foot, contains the genital pore, ocular tentacles, eye and oral tentacle
snail lung
found above the head, behind the mantle
snail mantle skirt
thick line-like structure (or flap) just behind the head
snail hermaphrodite duct
pale, wiggly line towards the back of the snail leading to the oveotestis
snail dart sac
located on anterior of the snail, hard white sac that ejects the dart to attach to the mate during reproduction
snail penis, spermoviduct and abulem gland
follow the dart sac to find these structures, back near the coiled potion of the body
snail hermaphrodite gland/oveotestes
within tightly coiled section, follow the hermaphrodite duct
Red gurnard classification
-Phylum: Chordata
-Class: Actinopterygii
-Order: Scorpaeniformes
-Family: Triglidae
red gernard species name
chelidonichthys cuculus
trout body shape
fusiform
trout caudal peduncle
restricted region in front of tail
trout scale type
cycloid
trout preopercular region
posterior to the eye, bones that support the jaw
trout opercular region
posterior to the eye, consists of nones that cover the gills
trout operculum
the bones covering the gills
trout mouth
terminal position
trout maxilla
anterior end of upper jaw
trout teeth
only on maxilla (or roof of mouth)
trout mandible
lower jaw, no teeth
trout nares
nostrils, anterior to each eye on either side of the head
trout lateral line
on trunk and caudal peduncle, provides information from the water
trout fins
-dorsal, adipose, anal and caudal
-soft fin rays
trout soft fin rays
give more flexibility
trout dorsal fin
on the dorsal midline between the tail and the head
trout adipose fin
on the dorsal midline, just anterior to the tail
trout anal fin
opposite anterior fin, on ventral midline
trout caudal fin
emarginated, homocercal fin
trout pectoral/ pelvic fin
paired pectoral fins in-between lateral and mental line for directional changes
pelvic fin midway on ventral side for decelearation
trout gills
-brachial arches (x4)
-gill filaments (posteriorly)
-gill rakers (anteriorly)
trout gill rakers
hard projections that extend inwards towards the pharyngeal slits, serve as a sieve to trap food particles
trout gill filaments
red, fleshy part of the gill, has a role in taking oxygen into the blood
trout swim bladder
translucent, membranous sac on dorsal side of the cavity
trout ovary
large and easy to see, takes up bulk of the cavity
trout small intestine
narrow, ventral to ovary (if present), or normally midventral on floor of the cavity
trout stomach, spleen and gal bladder
posterior to the liver
trout heart
4 chambered, s-shaped
trout sinus venous
posterior chamber, directs blood into the atrium
trout atrium
chamber lying immediately anterior to sinus venous
trout ventricle
blood enters from atrium, lies ventrally
trout bulbous arteriosis
blood pumped in from the ventricle, leads to ventral aorta
trout head kidney
small, dark, bumpy mass dorsal to the liver
trout kidneys
move swim bladder aside and immediately dorsal to the bladder
trout oesophagus
wide, straight, tubular structure
trout stomach
T-shaped, consists of broad horizontal portion and a short ventricle pyloric section
trout intestine
follows pyloric section
trout pyloric ceca
finger-like projections at start of intestine that secret digestive enzymes and increase surface area for absorption
trout duodenum
anterior, wider part of the intestine
trout rectum
terminal of intestine
trout liver
large, noticeable structure
trout gal bladder
small, elongated sac, connects to the duodenum by the bile duct
trout spleen
elongated dark structure near posterior of the stomach, produces blood cells
Dogfish classification
-Phylum: Chordata
-Class: Chondrichythes
-Order: Squaliformes
-Family: Squalidae
Dogfish species name
Squalus acanthias
Dogfish body shape
fusiform
Dogfish scales
-placoid
-denticles embedded into the skin
Dogfish external pharyngeal slits
gill slits (x5 each side)
Dogfish teeth
rows on a conveyor belt
Dogfish labial pocket
on either side of the mouth
Dogfish labial fold
separates pocket from mouth
Dogfish spiracle
hole posteriorly to each eye, function is to take in water and ventilate gills
Dogfish spiracle valves
fold of tissue on anterior wall of spiracle allowing spiracle to be closed
Dogfish interbranchial septa
separate pharyngeal slits
Dogfish cloaca
exit for urinary, reproductive and digestive tracts, midventrally located
Dogfish dorsal fin
(x2) one anterior and one posterior
Dogfish caudal fin
hemicercal
Dogfish ampullae of lorenizi
small pores on snout for electrosense
Dogfish fins
less motion than those of the trout
Dogfish visceral peritoneum
epithelium covering the organs
Dogfish liver
occupies bulk of the anterior portion of the cavity, lobes extend either side, medium lobe in-between containing the gall bladder
Dogfish oesphagus
dorsal to the liver
Dogfish stomach
J-shaped, posterior to the oesophagus
Dogfish papillae
finger-like projections from oesophagus
Dogfish ruggae
longitude ridges of the stomach
Dogfish body
main part of the stomach
Dogfish pyloric region
smaller, narrow posterior potion of the stomach, contains pylorus (separation between stomach and intestine)
Dogfish spleen
large, dark organ at posterior of stomach
Dogfish pancreas
two parts connected by a narrow isthmus, lobes are associated with duodenum and extend posteriorly
Dogfish vascular intestine
contains spiral valve and internal subdivision
Dogfish colon
extends from vascular intestine, joined by the digitiform gland
Dogfish gonads
either paired testes or ovaries, lie anteriorly, dorsal to the liver
Dogfish kidneys
extend longitudinally along the dorsal wall of the cavity on the midsagittal plane, as two narrow strips
pheasant classification
-Phylum: Chordata
-Class: Aves
-Order: Galiformes
-Family: Phasinidae
pheasant legs
males have spurs to aid in defending territory
pheasant beak
slightly heavy for eating seeds
pheasant gender
males: vibrant in colour, have spurs and bright red wattle around the eye
pheasant keel
enlarged sternum on all birds to support weight in flight, to visualise inside: pink fleshy muscle on ventral side
pheasant furcula
wishbone: y-shaped bone anterior to the keel
