Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 108 > biol topics 14-18 > Flashcards

biol topics 14-18 Flashcards

1
Q

Bryophytes

A

Non vascular plants that live on land, includes hornworts mosses and liverworts
Form paraphyletic group with three phyla of non vascular plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Characteristics of Bryophytes

A

-absence of true vascular tissue and lignin, small in size because of lack of structural support and lack of complex nutrient system
-absence of roots- water is absorbed trough the surface through rhizoids live in habitats rich in water
absence of true leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of life cycle in bryophytes

A

the sporophyte (2n) are unbranched
the gametophyte 1n stage is more larger and longer living .
Free living haploid stage is the most dominant stage of life, survival of sporophyte depends on gametophyte
sporophyte is physically attached to gametophyte and uses for nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Typical life cycle Gametophyte stage non vascular

A

Gametophyte multicellular 1n stage:
Haploid 1n spores are released
spores germinate into gametophytes-composed of protonema and gametophore
gametophytes mature as separate male and female plants and each produce gametes through mitosis
sperm travels to the archeridium from the antheridium through water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Typical life cycle sporophyte stage non vascular

A

Diploid zygote is formed through fertilization and is nourished by the female gametophyte the zygote develops into a diploid embryo and then a diploid sporophyte all retained in the archegonium. The sporophyte matures into a sporangium and spores are produced through meiosis and then dispersed through the air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

liverworts

A

absence of xylem and phloem
absence of stoma
organelle called oil bodies
stabilize soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mosses

A

absence of xylem and phloem
presence of stoma
facilitate water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hornworts

A

absence of xylem and phloem
presence of stoma
and have one large chloroplast
symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics of vascular plants

A

-vascular tissue in sporophyte. but not gametophyte
-vascular tissue provides support
-xylem and phloem to transport nutrients
-Sporophyte occupies the dominant part of the life cycle and do not rely on gametophyte for nutrients dominant part of life cycle
-true roots and leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Microphylls and macrophylls

A

Microphylls- small leaves with only a single vein
macrophylls- large leaves with multiple vascular systems
sporophylls are leaves that contain sporangia
sori- sporangia undersides of sporophylls
stroboli-cone like formed by grouping of sporophylls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Homosporous and heterosporous

A

Homosporous-single type of spore that develops into bisexual gametophytes most seedless vascular plants
Heterosporous-two types of spores
megaspores-develop into female gametes and microspores develop into male gametes ALL SEED PLANTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Life cycle of vascular plants

A

haploid spores released and germinate into gametophytes which mature into male and female diploid zygote formed develops into sporophyte which matures in the archegonium and gametophyte dies off and sporophyte remains independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phylum lycophyta

A

microphyll leaves
stroboli containing sporangia
reproduction via spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Phylum monilophyta

A

megaphylls
sporangia have spring like structures that catapult spores
most ferns are homosporous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Seed

A

adaption of terrestrial plants embryo packaged with a store of food and a protective coat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Traits of seed plants

A

-reduced gametophytes develop in spore wall and retained in sporophyte tissues becomes more dependent on sporophyte
-All seed plants are heterosporous
-Ovules
-pollen
-seeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ovules

A

-contains megasporngium 2n, megaspore 1n, and one or more protective integuments 2n
gymnosperm has 1 integument and angiosperm has 2 integuments
develop into seeds after fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pollen

A

microspores develop into male gametophyte within pollen grains
cell walls are coated with a layer of sporopollenin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Seeds

A

develop from a fertilized ovule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gymnosperms

A

vascular plants with naked seeds
seeds are exposed on sporophylls that form stroboli
pollen and ovulate cones

21
Q

Phylums of gymnospersm

A

Cycadophyta- cycads are dioecious, flagellated sperm
Ginkophyta- fan shaped leaves
Gnetophyta- xylem contains vessel elements
Coniferophyta- largest division and xylem lacks vessel elements rely on wind to pollinate

22
Q

Angiosperm shared traits

A

Shared with land plants
-alternation of multicellular generations
Shared with seed plants
-sporophyte is the most dominant stage gametophyte are micro and depend on the sporophyte

23
Q

Features of angiosperm

A

3 Fs
Flowers, double fertilization and fruits synapomorphies

24
Q

Parts of the flower

A

sepals- sterile and modified leaf that protect the flower bud
petals- sterile attract pollinators
stamen- pollen producing stalk and anther
carpals- ovule producing ovary style and sigma one or more fused into a pistil

25
Q

Development of male gametophyte

A

Pollen grain consists of two celled gametophyte enclosed in sporopollen
microspores in micrsporangia pollen sac of anthers
generative cell-sperm nuclei
tube cell-pollen tube

26
Q

Development of female gametophyte

A

female gametophyte develops within the ovule of the ovary of the flower megaspores develop from megasporangium one functional megaspore formed and one polar nuclei

27
Q

pollination in angiosperms

A

tube cell produces pollen tube
generative cell produces two sperm nuclei by mitosis
pollen tube grows into ovary and releases sperm nuclei

28
Q

double fertilization

A

two sperm cells unite with two eggs to form zygote
one sperm fertilizes egg and creates diploid zygote and then second sperm combines with polar nuclei triploid cell which creates endosperm and nourishes embryo

29
Q

Post fertilization

A

embryo develops into a seed
ovary develops into a fruit-facilitates seed dispersal

30
Q

coevolution

A

many flower plants coevolve with certain pollinators

31
Q

angiosperm evolution

A

modified xylem with vessel tissues
rapid reproduction
coevloution with polinators

32
Q

angiosperm diversity

A

basal dicots
magnoliids
monocots
eudicots

33
Q

absorpitive nutrition

A

fungi get nutrients from absorbing nutrients outside of their bodies
absorptive heterotrophy
large and complex molecules are broken down by enzyme secreted by fungi
small molecules are just absorbed

34
Q

Hyphae

A

cylindrical, branched multicellular filaments that absorb nutrients
filled with cytoplasm and organelles
cell walls are composed of chitin

35
Q

unicellular fungi

A

yeasts and do not have a hyphae

36
Q

septa sepate fungi

A

hyphae develops wall like separates structures cytoplasm is divided

37
Q

aseptate fungi

A

coenocytic form continuis compartments without division
numerous nuclei dispersed ghrough hyphae

38
Q

reproduction of fungi

A

reproduce by producing a large number of spores asexually or sexually
spores are dispersal stage of life cycle
mitosis and meiosis

39
Q

Fungi life cycle

A

resemble those of dominant haploid eukaryotic organisms
diploid stage is transient
plasmogamy-fusion with cytoplasm
karygamy- fusion of nuclei
fungi lack multicellular diploid stage

40
Q

origin of fungi

A

related to protists of the amorphea cluster
monophyletic group

41
Q

phylogeny of fungi

A

chytrids
zygomycetes
glomeromycete
ascomycetes
basidiomycetes

42
Q

Chytrids

A

most basil
paraphyletic group
asexual spores called zoospores
unicellular coenocytic
chitin in cell wall

43
Q

zygomycetes

A

paraphyletic group
coencytic hyphae
zygosprongia
life cycle
asexual sprongia disperse hapolid spores in air
sexual repro occurs when zygosporangia form after the fusion of karyogamy
parasites

44
Q

glomerocytes

A

monophyletic group symbiotic with roots
asexual reproduction
endomycorrihaze

45
Q

dikarya

A

most fungi species monophyletic
septate hyphae
edible mushrooms and yeasts for making bread

46
Q

ascomycetes

A

most diverse group
sexual reproduction
dikaryotic stage is brief

47
Q

basidiomycetes

A

sexual spores called basidiospores
on structure called basidia
sexual repro is most common but some asexual
dikaryotic stage is long
break down lignin

48
Q

fungi lifestyles

A

moulds- fast growing asexual
yeasts-unicellular in moist environments asexual budding off

49
Q

mycorrhizae

A

relationship between fungi and roots of plants
endomycorrhizae- fungi penetrates host plant
ectomycorrhizae-fungus forms around roots but does not penetrate

Biol 108 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions