Biol 1057 - intro to bio

Question 1

Biology has different branches

Answer 1

pharmocology, cell biology, immunology

Question 2

What are the 6 charactertics of life common to all organisms?

Answer 2

• Life is organized in a hierarchical pattern
• Living organisms reproduce and develop
• Life requires energy
• Living organismsmaintain a constant internal environment
  (Homeostasis)
• Living organisms respond to changes in
  environments
• Living organismsare subject to evolution, adaptation and natural selection

Question 3

Describe how life is organised

Answer 3

• Life is connected from the atomic level
  to the biosphere.
• The cell is the basic unit of life, and it
  comprises molecules and atoms.
• The sum of all life on the planet is called
  the Biosphere.

Question 4

Define biogenesis and metabolism

Answer 4

Biogenesis = Life comes from Life
Metabolism = chemical reactions that break down nutrients

Question 5

Define growth and development

Answer 5

Growth = gaining mass Development = changing form

Question 6

Outline why life requires energy

Answer 6

• Living organisms cannot maintain their organization, cannot develop & reproduce without energy
  SUN is main source of energy

Question 7

Define homeostasis

Answer 7

• Regulatory mechanisms that maintain an organism’s internal environment constant, even though the external environment may fluctuate
  e.g body temp
• Many of the metabolic activities of a cell or an organism function in maintaining
  homeostasis

Question 8

Describe why organisms need to respond to environmental changes

Answer 8

Impossible to maintain homeostasis without our bodies’ ability to respond to both internal and external stimuli (Stimulus-Response)
- Avoid danger
- Able to acquire food and energy
- Survive and reproduce in challenging environments
- e.g phototropism & arctic fox

Question 9

Define evolution, natural selection and adaptation

Answer 9

Evolution = the process by which a population changes over time
Natural selection = the mechanism by which evolution occurs (survival of the
fittest)
Adaptation = each successive generation includes more members with the new
variation that helps them adapt to the environment

Question 10

Describe how natural selection works and example

Answer 10

• Individuals with certain inherited characteristics contribute more offspring
  to the next generation
• Individuals with the BEST gene combinations survive and reproduce
• Individuals in a population vary
  e.g Tibetans living at high altitudes have become adapted to
  their environment

Question 11

Outline the 3 domains of life

Answer 11

• Bacteria
• Eukarya
• Archaea
• Eukarya are singlecelled or multicellular
  organisms which contain cells that
  possess a nucleus.
• Bacteria and Archaea are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus

Question 12

What is the cell theory

Answer 12

• Each living organism consists
  of one or more cells
• The cell is the basic unit of life
• Cells come from other cells

Question 13

Describe what is in Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Animalia

Answer 13

• Multicellular with specialized tissues and organs
• Ingest food and process food
• Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, frogs, turtles, birds and mammals
• Humans = vertebrates with mammary glands; primate mammals
• Earthworms, insects, mollusks = invertebrates

Question 14

Outline the summary of biology

Answer 14