Bioenergetics [Glycolysis] Flashcards
3 inputs
Glucose
2NAD+
2ADP + Pi
5 outputs
2 Pyruvate 2 NADH 2 H+ 2 ATP 2 H2O
Glucose —> ______
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
Glucose —> G6P
Enzyme: Hexokinase or glucokinase
Input: ATP
Output: ADP
Hexokinase features
All tissues
Low Km, high affinity
Glucokinase location
Liver, kidney, pancreas B cells
G6P —->
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
G6P —-> F6P
Enzyme: phosphoglucose isomerase
Input: none
Output: none
F6P —>
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
F6P —> F-1,6-biP
Enzyme: PFK
Input: ATP
Output: ADP
What inhibits and triggers PFK?
AMP good
ATP, citrate, low pH bad
F-1,6-biP —> _______ or ______
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
F-1,6-biP —> G3P or DAP
Enzyme: aldolase
Input: none
Output: none
What enzyme is needed to get from G3P to DAP?
TPI
G3P ——> (not DAP)
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
G3P ——> 1,3-biPglycerate
Enzyme: G3P dehydrogenase
Input: NAD+ and Pi
Output: NADH
1,3-biPglycerate —->
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
1,3-biPglycerate —-> 3-P-glycerate
Enzyme: P-glycerate kinase
Input: ADP
Output: ATP
3-P-glycerate —>
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
3-P-glycerate —> 2-P-glycerate
Enzyme: P-glycerate mutase
Input: none
Output: none
2-P-glycerate —->
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
2-P-glycerate —-> Phosphoenol pyruvate
Enzyme: elonase
Input: none
Output: H2O
Phosphoenol pyruvate —>
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:
Phosphoenol pyruvate —> Pyruvate
Enzyme: pyruvate kinase
Input: ADP
Output: ATP
Alcohol fermentation steps
2 Pyruvate
minus CO2 —> 2-acetaldehyde.
2NADH, H+ ——> 2NAD+
2ethanol
Lactic acid fermentation steps
2 Pyruvate
2NADH, H+ —-> 2NAD+
Lactate
How many steps altogether and what is glucose(C6) converted to?
10
2 x Pyruvate (with 3 carbons)
At what point is glucose trapped?
Once it’s turned to G6P and is charged
At what points is ATP invested?
Glucose —> G6P
F6P —> F1,6P
At what points is ATP gained back?
2 ATP for each:
1,3BiPG —> 3PG
PPP —> Pyruvate
What is the commitment step in glycolysis? What is the rate limiting step?
PFK converting F6P —> F1,6P
For both
