Bioenergetics [Glycolysis]

Question 1

3 inputs

Answer 1

Glucose
2NAD+
2ADP + Pi

Question 2

5 outputs

Answer 2

2 Pyruvate
2 NADH
2 H+
2 ATP
2 H2O

Question 3

Glucose —> ______
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 3

Glucose —> G6P
Enzyme: Hexokinase or glucokinase
Input: ATP
Output: ADP

Question 4

Hexokinase features

Answer 4

All tissues

Low Km, high affinity

Question 5

Glucokinase location

Answer 5

Liver, kidney, pancreas B cells

Question 6

G6P —->
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 6

G6P —-> F6P
Enzyme: phosphoglucose isomerase
Input: none
Output: none

Question 7

F6P —>
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 7

F6P —> F-1,6-biP
Enzyme: PFK
Input: ATP
Output: ADP

Question 8

What inhibits and triggers PFK?

Answer 8

AMP good

ATP, citrate, low pH bad

Question 9

F-1,6-biP —> _______ or ______
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 9

F-1,6-biP —> G3P or DAP
Enzyme: aldolase
Input: none
Output: none

Question 10

What enzyme is needed to get from G3P to DAP?

Answer 10

TPI

Question 11

G3P ——> (not DAP)
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 11

G3P ——> 1,3-biPglycerate
Enzyme: G3P dehydrogenase
Input: NAD+ and Pi
Output: NADH

Question 12

1,3-biPglycerate —->
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 12

1,3-biPglycerate —-> 3-P-glycerate
Enzyme: P-glycerate kinase
Input: ADP
Output: ATP

Question 13

3-P-glycerate —>
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 13

3-P-glycerate —> 2-P-glycerate
Enzyme: P-glycerate mutase
Input: none
Output: none

Question 14

2-P-glycerate —->
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 14

2-P-glycerate —-> Phosphoenol pyruvate
Enzyme: elonase
Input: none
Output: H2O

Question 15

Phosphoenol pyruvate —>
Enzyme:
Input:
Output:

Answer 15

Phosphoenol pyruvate —> Pyruvate
Enzyme: pyruvate kinase
Input: ADP
Output: ATP

Question 16

Alcohol fermentation steps

Answer 16

2 Pyruvate
minus CO2 —> 2-acetaldehyde.
2NADH, H+ ——> 2NAD+
2ethanol

Question 17

Lactic acid fermentation steps

Answer 17

2 Pyruvate
2NADH, H+ —-> 2NAD+
Lactate

Question 18

How many steps altogether and what is glucose(C6) converted to?

Answer 18

10

2 x Pyruvate (with 3 carbons)

Question 19

At what point is glucose trapped?

Answer 19

Once it’s turned to G6P and is charged

Question 20

At what points is ATP invested?

Answer 20

Glucose —> G6P

F6P —> F1,6P

Question 21

At what points is ATP gained back?

Answer 21

2 ATP for each:
1,3BiPG —> 3PG
PPP —> Pyruvate

Question 22

What is the commitment step in glycolysis? What is the rate limiting step?

Answer 22

PFK converting F6P —> F1,6P

For both