Bioenergetics [Glycogen] Flashcards
Where is glycogen stored?
Cytosol of liver, muscles, kidneys.
How are blood glucose levels maintained and what organs are responsible for this?
Liver (and kidney). Insulin creates. Glucagon breaks.
Why does glycogen protect osmotic pressure of the cell
Doesn’t attract as much H2O as glucose
Von geirke’s disease is a type ____ glycogen disease causes by a ______. This means ____ can’t _____. A symptom is ______. Treated with _____.
Von geirke’s disease is a type one glycogen disease caused by a G6P mutation. This means the liver can’t release glucose. A symptom is hypoglycemia. Treated with fructose.
McArdle’s disease results in 2 things ____ and _____ and is caused by ____.
Muscle cramps
High ADP for light exercise (until lots of exercise, then glucose can be released).
Too much glycogennin muscle
Structure of glycogen
Branched glucose polysaccharide.
A-1,4 and 1,6 bonds
Branches for quick making and breaking.
What is glycogenin
Enzyme involved in converting glucose to glycogen.
Glycogenesis full eqn
(Glucose) + glucose + 2UTP —> (glucose)n+1
Glyconeogenesis:
What are the steps required to convert glucose to G1P?
Glyconeogenesis:
Glucose —> G6P with Glu/Hex
G6P —> G1P with PGmutase
Glyconeogenesis:
How is glycogen formed from G1P?
+UTP via glycogen synthase.
Glucose added to non-reducing ends on right -C-O-
Gluconeogenesis full eqn
2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2GTP + 2NADH + 6H2O —> Glucose
Gluconeogenesis G sign + how much ATP used?
Positive G
11-12ATP
Gluconeogenesis
What 5 things can glucose be made from?
Carbs Lactate Amino Acids Glycerol CAC intermediated
Gluconeogenesis
Where do amino acids enter?
Pyruvate / ox.acetate
Gluconeogenesis
Where does glycerol enter?
G-aldehyde
