Bioenergetics Flashcards
How is energy transferred in photosynthesis?
Energy is taken from carbon dioxide, and energy is stored in glucose
What factors might affect photosynthesis?
Light, carbon dioxide, temperature
How does temperature affect photosynthesis?
If the temperature is too cold, photosynthesis won’t happen at all
If it is too hot, then the enzymes will denature, and photosynthesis won’t be able to happen
How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?
If there isn’t enough carbon dioxide, the plant won’t be able to take in a sufficient amount for photosynthesis. Nothing will happen
Is respiration endothermic or exothermic and why?
Exothermic because it transfers energy to the environment
What is the word equation for respiration?
Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen. (The incomplete breakdown of glucose)
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell
When is anaerobic respiration used?
When doing vigorous exercise and there isn’t enough oxygen supply to the muscles
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose–> energy + lactic acid
Can plants and yeast respire without oxygen too?
Yes
What is the word equitation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose–> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is anaerobic respiration called in yeast cells?
Fermentation
What is fermentation used for in the food industry?
It’s used to make bread, the carbon dioxide from fermentation is what makes the bread rise
Also it’s used to make alcoholic drinks (beer and wine). The fermentation process is the process produces alcohol
What is an oxygen debt?
It’s the amount of extra oxygen your body needs after exercise
Define metabolism
Metabolism is all the chemical reactions in an organism
What do sugars do?
Glucose is broken down in respiration
What do amino acids do?
They are used to build up proteins.
What are excess proteins?
They are broken down in a reaction To produce urea. Urea is excreted in urine
What do fatty acids do?
Fatty acids and glycerol make fats. Lipid molecules are each made from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
What do carbohydrates do?
It is important in hormones and it provides energy and absorbs food
What are proteins broken down into?
Amino acids
How can you increase respiration in your cells?
Your breathing rate increases
Your breath volume (how deep the breaths you take are) increases
Your heart rate increases
