B2- Organisation Flashcards
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to perform a certain function
What happens to enzymes at low temperatures?
They will stop working and will denature
What happens to enzymes at high temperatures ?
They will denature as the active site will change shape, and the substrate will no longer fit into the active site
What is the lock and key mechanism?
When a specific substrate fits into an enzyme
Where is amylase produced?
In the salivary glands
What does amylase do?
Converts starch into sugars
Where is lipase produced?
In the pancreas and small intestine
What does lipase do?
They convert lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Where is protease produced?
In the stomach, small intestine and pancreas
What does protease do?
They convert proteins into amino acids
Where is bile produced?
Produced in the liver and is stored in the gall bladder
What does bile do?
Neutralises the hydrochloric acid in the stomach and breaks down fats
Describe the respiratory system. Name which parts the air goes through
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
What does the heart do?
Pumps blood around the body
What does the lungs do?
It’s where gas exchange takes place
What does the aorta do?
Pumps blood around the body
What does the vena cava do?
How blood from the body gets into the heart
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs
What does the pulmonary vein do?
Takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the natural resting heart rate?
60-100 bpm. This is taken when you’re sitting down after no exercise and when calm
Why might you need an artificial pacemaker?
You have an irregular heartbeat or you have heart problems
What do red blood cells do?
They carry oxygen around the body
What do white blood cells do?
They are part of the immune system and fight against disease or infection
What do platelets do ?
They clot blood to prevent bacteria getting into the wound
What does plasma do?
It is a straw coloured fluid that cells are carried in
What is cardiovascular disease?
Affects the heart and/or blood vessels. Build up of fatty deposits in the blood vessels limiting the amount of blood that can flow through the heart
What lifestyle factors can affect health?
Smoking, diet, exercise
What is cancer?
Uncontrollable cell divisions and growths
What is a benign tumour?
A lump of cells that don’t move and can be removed in one piece. They aren’t dangerous
What is a malignant tumour?
The tumour can move through the bloodstream. Parts of a tumour break off the primary tumour and form secondary tumours in different places of the body
What is epidermal tissue?
It covers a plant
What is palisade mesophyll?
Long tall cells that capture sunlight and where photosynthesis takes place
What is spongy mesophyll?
Carries out photosynthesis
What is the xylem?
It carries water throughout the plant. It is made of dead cells and is shaped as a hollow tube
What is the phloem?
This transports nutrients around the plant
What is transpiration?
Loss of water from a plant
How can we measure transpiration?
Measuring the weight of a plant
