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Biology > B5- Homeostasis And Response > Flashcards

B5- Homeostasis And Response Flashcards

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1
Q

What are control systems made up of?

A

Receptors

Coordination centres

Effectors

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2
Q

How does a control system work?

A

Receptors detect a change in environment (stimulus)
They send this to the coordination centre and then it processes the information and organises a response
Effectors then produce a response

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3
Q

What is the CNS?

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is connected to the body by sensory and motor neurones

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4
Q

What are motor neurones?

A

They carry electrical impulses FROM the CNS to the effectors

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5
Q

What are sensory neurones?

A

They carry information as electrical impulses FROM receptors TO the the CNS

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6
Q

What are effectors?

A

They respond to electrical impulses and bring a change

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7
Q

What are receptors?

A

They detect stimuli (changes in the environment) e.g ears detect sound

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8
Q

Which gland in the body monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

A

the pancreas

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9
Q

Which hormone is produced when blood glucose concentration becomes too high?

A

insulin

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10
Q

Where does the glucose in the blood go if the blood glucose level is too high?

A

in the liver

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11
Q

What happens to the glucose when it reaches the liver?

A

it is stored into glycogen

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12
Q

Why do people have type 1 diabetes?

A

because they produce little or no insulin

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13
Q

How can type 1 diabetes be treated?

A

By insulin injections

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14
Q

Give two treatments that a doctor would recommend for type 2 diabetes?

A

regular exercise

healthy diet

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15
Q

Give a risk factor for type 2 diabetes

A

being overweight

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16
Q

What are hormones?

A

They are chemicals released by glands which are released directly into the blood stream

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17
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

A

In the brain

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18
Q

what is the role of the pituitary gland?

A

They release many hormones to regulate body conditios

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19
Q

what does the thyroid gland do?

A

it produces thyroxine and regulates metabolism, heart rate and temperature

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20
Q

where is the thyroid gland?

A

in the throat

21
Q

What does the adrenal gland do?

A

it produces adrenaline and triggers the flight or fight response

22
Q

Where is the pancreas?

A

underneath the stomach

23
Q

what is the role of the pancreas?

A

it produces insulin and regulates the blood glucose levels

24
Q

What is the role of the testes?

A

it produces testosterone and it controls sperm production and puberty in males

25
Q

what is the role of the ovaries?

A

it produces oestrogen and is involved in the menstruation cycle

26
Q

what are the differences between nerves and hormones?

A

nerves: very fast action, act for a very short time, act on a very precise area
hormones: slower action, act for a long time, act in a more general way

27
Q

what is the main sex hormone in men?

A

testosterone

28
Q

where is the main sex hormone produced?

A

in the testes

29
Q

What is the role of the main sex hormone in men?

A

to produce sperm

30
Q

What is the name of the main female reproductive hormone produced in the ovary?

A

oestrogen

31
Q

what is the name of the process by which eggs are released from the ovary?

A

Ovulation

32
Q

how often is an egg released from an ovary?

A

every 28 days

33
Q

name the hormone that causes the release of an egg

A

LH

34
Q

what is the role of FSH?

A

causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries

35
Q

what is the role of LH

A

causes the release of an egg (ovulation)

36
Q

what is the role of oestrogen and progesterone?

A

these hormones are involved in the growth and maintenance of the uterus lining

37
Q

what happens when the glucose concentration in the blood becomes too high?

A

insulin is produced by the pancreas and glucose moves into the liver and muscle cells to be stored as glycogen

38
Q

suggest how the progesterone level changes before a woman starts to bleed

A

the progesterone level will fall. progesterone helps to maintain the uterus lining so when the level drops, the lining breaks down and the woman will bleed

39
Q

what is the name of two hormonal forms of contraception?

A

contraceptive injection and the contraceptive patch

40
Q

how is an oral contraceptive taken into the body?

A

as a tablet taken by the mouth

41
Q

how do oral contraceptives containing multiple hormones prevent pregnancy?

A

the hormones stop FSH production

42
Q

the contraceptive implant is inserted under the skin of the arm. Which hormone does it release?

A

progesterone

43
Q

how does the hormone released by the contraceptive implant prevent pregnancy?

A

it stops the eggs maturing

44
Q

suggest one advantage of the contraceptive implant over an oral contraceptive

A

A woman doesnt have to think about the implant everyday and the chances of becoming pregnant remain low

45
Q

How do barrier methods of contraception prevent a woman from becoming pregnant?

A

they stop sperm from getting to an egg

46
Q

name a barrier method of contraception that protects against STD’S

A

condoms

47
Q

some barrier methods need to be used with spermicides. explain how spermicides help to prevent pregnancy

A

they kill sperm, preventing the egg from being fertilised

48
Q

a couple not wishing to have children do not want to use any form of contraception. suggest how they should avoid pregnancy

A

they should not have intercourse when the woman is at the point in her menstruation cycle when she is most likely to become pregnant

Biology (10 decks)

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