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Biology > B7- Ecology > Flashcards

B7- Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Which level of organisation contains the smallest number of organisms?

A

A population

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2
Q

What is a community?

A

All the populations of different species in a habitat

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3
Q

Slugs rely on bushes for food

What else could a slug rely on bushes for?

A

To have shelter

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4
Q

What are the four things that animals need?

A

Space
Food
Water
Mates

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5
Q

What four things do plants need?

A

Light
Water
Mineral ions
Space

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6
Q

What is the definition of a habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives

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7
Q

What is the definition of a population?

A

All the organisms of one species in a habitat

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8
Q

What is the definition of an ecosystem?

A

The interaction of a community of organisms with the non-living parts of their environment

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9
Q

What is interdependence?

A

When animals and plants rely on eachother for food, shelter, pollination and seed dispersal

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10
Q

What will happen if there is a change in the community?

A

It will affect the whole community as they will be interdependent on eachother

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11
Q

What is a stable community?

A

When there is a balance between specs and environmental factors. The population sizes will stay about the same

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12
Q

Which three factors are biotic in the environment?

A

Competition
Pathogens
Predator

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13
Q

Suggest one abiotic factor that could affect the distribution of animals living in water

A

Oxygen level

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14
Q

Suggest two abiotic factors that could affect the distribution of plants growing in soil

A

Moisture level

Soil ph

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15
Q

Describe how the introduction of the new pathogen is likely to affect a plant population

A

The pathogen is likely to decrease the number of plants in the population

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16
Q

Bees in the ecosystem rely on the flowering plants for a source of food. Explain how the introduction of the pathogens is likely to affect the bee population

A

The amount of plants will decrease, meaning the population of bees will decrease if there are no other sources for food

17
Q

What is the name given to organisms that live in extreme environments?

A

Extremophiles

18
Q

Name one group of organisms that can live in deep sea vents where temperatures are very high

A

Bacteria

19
Q

Describe one extreme condition other than high salt concentration or a high temperature, that some organisms can tolerate

A

High pressure

20
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A

These are ways that organisms behave

21
Q

What is a functional adaptation?

A

These are things that go on inside an organism

22
Q

Suggest how the production of concentrated urine helps the camel to survive in desert conditions

A

The concentrated urine doesn’t contain much water, so they won’t lose much water through urine

23
Q

What are the three types of precipitation?

A

Rain, snow and hail

24
Q

What are the stages of the water cycle in order?

A

Evaporation from plants and oceans, seas and lakes
This water condenses into clouds
Clouds release this water
This process is repeated

25
Q

What is meant by the term precipitation?

A

Water that falls from clouds

26
Q

Explain why precipitation is an important stage in the water cycle

A

It provides fresh water to plants and animals

27
Q

Suggest how the water in plants can be passed on to animals

A

When an animal eats the plant

28
Q

What are the five stages in the carbon cycle?

Remember your method

A
  1. Carbon dioxide in the air
  2. Plants use this for photosynthesis to make carbon compounds
  3. Animals will eat the plants (respiring releases carbon dioxide) plants will also respire producing oxygen
  4. when the animal or plant dies, the microorganisms in soil will break this down (they’re also respiring, producing co2)
  5. Then humans release co2 by burning fossil fuels
29
Q

State two reasons why humans are using more resources

A

The standard of living has increased

The population is increasing rapidly

30
Q

What types of pollutant pollute the air?

A

Acidic gases

Smoke

31
Q

What type of pollutant pollute land?

A

Pesticides

Household waste

32
Q

What types of pollutant pollute water?

A

Sewage and toxic chemicals

33
Q

Explain how pollution affects biodiversity

A

Pollution kills animals and plants. Therefore it reduces biodiversity

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