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PH 161 > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

Which does not directly affect basal metabolic rate?

a. sex
b. weight
c. age
d. food intake

A

d. food intake

sex, age, height, weight, growth, body composition: these are the things that directly affect basal metabolic rate

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2
Q

false about bioenergetics

a. Refers to cellular energy transformations
b. creation and utilization of energy in biologic systems
c. Concerns only the initial and final energy states of reaction components

A

b. creation and utilization of energy in biologic systems

remember, energy cannot be created! transfer dapat yung nasa statement, imbes na creation

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3
Q

enumerate the three principal phases of energy transformation

A
  1. Oxidation of Fuels (FAT, CHO, PRO)
  2. Conversion of energy from fuel oxidation into the highenergy
    phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate
    (ATP)
  3. Utilization of ATP phosphate bond energy to drive
    energy-requiring processes
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4
Q

What are the electron-accepting coenzymes involved in the first phase of cellular energy transformation?

A

NAD+ and FAD

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5
Q 
Pathway of fuel oxidation converge in generation of
\_\_\_
A. ATP
B. Acetyl CoA
C. NADPH
D. all three
A

B. acetyl CoA

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6
Q 
Complete oxidation of Acetyl group to CO2 occurs in
\_\_\_
a. citric acid cycle
b. electron transport chain
c. glycolysis
d. all three
A

a. citric acid cycle

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7
Q

In the second phase, energy derived from fuel oxidation is converted to high energy phosphate bonds of ATP by the process of ___

A

oxidative phosphorylation

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8
Q

the reaction is spontaneous when the change in free energy is ____

a. negative
b. positive
c. zero

A

a. negative

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9
Q

the reaction is spontaneous when the change in free energy is ____

a. negative
b. positive
c. zero

A

b. positive

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10
Q

the reaction is in equilibrium when the change in free energy is

a. negative
b. positive
c. zero

A

c. zero

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11
Q

Change in free energy is predictive in physiologic conditions. True or false?

A

False. 1. ΔGo is predictive only under standard conditions, where ΔG = ΔGo but not in reactions under physiologic conditions because of the presence of constants (R, T, and Keq) and is, therefore, not altered by changes in product or substrate concentrations

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12
Q

false about electron transport chain
a. endergonic process
b. Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae
increase surface area of the membrane)
c. Process in which electrons are passed between redox
centers in decreasing reduction potentials
d. all are true

A

a. endergonic process

exergonic dapat

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13
Q

The last one to receive electrons in the electron transport chain is

a. NADPH
b. FAD
c. ATP
d. oxygen

A

d. oxygen

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14
Q

During electron transport chain, protons from the various redox reactions are pumped out of the intermembrane space of mitochondrion, creating a proton gradient. True or false?

A

False. “pumped out of” –> “pumped into”

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15
Q

false about Complex I of the electron transport chain

a. also known as NADH dehydrogenase
b. utilizes NADH and FADH2
c. NADH oxidized, Coenzyme Q reduced
d. Redox reaction involves two electrons

A

b. utilizes NADH and FADH2

utilizes NADH only

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16
Q

False about Complex II of electron-transport chain

a. also known as succinate dehydrogenase
b. also known as succinate-coenzyme Q reductase
c. after Complex I and Complex II, CoQ still has 2 electrons
d. none of the above

A

c. after Complex I and Complex II, CoQ still has 2 electrons

4 electrons dapat

17
Q

false about Complex III

a. Electrons in Coenzyme Q are used by Complex III to
produce Cytochrome C
b. Coenzyme Q is oxidized 
c. reduction of Cytochrome C
d. endergonic reaction
A

d. endergonic reaction

This is an exergonic reaction :)

18
Q

false about Complex IV

a. reducing agent: oxygen
b. exergonic reaction
c. 3 ATP molecules all in all
d. Complex IV is the only carrier in w/c heme iron had a free ligand that can react directly with molecular oxygen.

A

a. reducing agent: oxygen

Oxygen is reduced to water by Cytochrome c, therefore:
oxygen: oxidizing agent
cytochrome c:reducing agent

19
Q

False about cytochromes

a. contain a heme group (pophyrin ring + Fe atom).
b. The cytochrome iron atom is irreversibly converted from Fe3+ to Fe2+
c. function as a carrier of electrons

A

b. The cytochrome iron atom is irreversibly converted from Fe3+ to Fe2+

reversibly dapat

20
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced from NADH?

A

3 ATP molecules

21
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced from FADH2?

A

2 ATP molecules only because FADH2 is not oxidized by

Complex I.

22
Q 
an insecticide, binds to complex I and prevents reduction of Coenzyme Q
A. Rotenone
B. Amytal
C. Antimycin
D. A, B and C
A

A. Rotenone

23
Q 
Inhibit complex I by preventing the transfer of electrons to Coenzyme Q
A. Rotenone
B. Amytal
C. Antimycin
D. A, B and C
A

B.Amytal

24
Q 
Inhibits electrons transfer through Complex III
A. Rotenone
B. Amytal
C. Antimycin
D. A, B and C
A

C. Antimycin

25
Q

Complex V is also known as ___

A

ATP synthase

26
Q

false about proton pump

a. Electron transport is coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP by the transport of protons across the IMM.
b. electrical gradient and a pH gradient created
c. energy generated by this gradient is still insufficient to drive ATP synthesis
d. source of energy for Complex V

A

c. energy generated by this gradient is still insufficient to drive ATP synthesis

energy generated by the gradient is sufficient

27
Q

three stages of catabolism

A
  1. Hydrolysis of complex molecules
  2. Conversion of building blocks to simple
    intermediates
  3. Oxidation of acetyl CoA
28
Q

Pick the true statement

a. catabolism is a convergent process
b. anabolism is a divergent process
c. both of them are true

A

c. both of them are true

29
Q

three types of regulatory signals for metabolism

A

intracellular
intercellular
secondary messenger systems

30
Q

Membrane bound enzyme that converts ATP #

3’5’-adenosine monophosphate

A

adenylyl cyclase

31
Q

Adenylyl cyclase has one-to-one relationship between the
neurotransmitter/hormone and membrane
receptor. True or false?

A

True

32
Q 
G proteins (α, β, γ subunits):
These proteins bind \_\_\_\_\_ nucleotides.
A

guanosine

33
Q

The GTP bound form of ___ subunit detaches
from the ___&____ subunits and moves to and activates the adenylyl cyclase.

(alpha,beta,gamma)

A

The GTP bound form of alpha subunit detaches

from the beta and gamma subunits and moves to and activates the adenylyl cyclase.

34
Q

Caffeine can inhibit phosphodiesterase. True or false?

A

true

35
Q

What is an enzyme that can…
- remove phosphate groups added by protein
kinases to make the changes in protein activity
non-permanent
- hydrolytically cleave phosphate esters.

A

protein phosphatase

36
Q

cAMP is rapidly hydrolysed to 5’-AMP by what enzyme?

A

cAMP phosphodiesterase

PH 161 (12 decks)

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