biodiversity of animals

Question 1

phylum

Answer 1

a taxonomic rank below kingdoms and above class

Question 2

taxonomist

Answer 2

biologists that identify and grp organisms according to their characteristics

Question 3

body plans: invertebrates (6)

Answer 3

STOB CC
1=symmetry
2=tissue layers 
3= openings in gut
4= blood system
5=cephalisation  
6= coelom

Question 4

types of symmetry in terms of body plans

Answer 4

1= asymmetrical (no symmtry) 
2= symmetrical (yes: 2)

Question 5

types of symmetry (2)

Answer 5

1= radial (circle, around cntr)
2= bilateral (only 2 mirror halves)

Question 6

what is meant by radial symmetry

Answer 6

a body plan in which the body parts repeat around a cntr of the body, body can be divided into more than 2 equal halves

Question 7

what is meant by bilateral symmetry

Answer 7

a body plan in which a body can only be cut into 2 mirror halves (usually due to cephalisation that the body cannot be cut into 2)

Question 8

which phylum are asymmetrical. Give the organism name

Answer 8

porifera = sponges

Question 9

what are the 6 phylums

Answer 9

POor CNidaria. flat help ANNE ARTCHer

Porifera Cnidaria Plathelminthesis Annelida Arthropoda Chordata

Question 10

which phylum has radial symmetry. Give the organism name (egs)

Answer 10

Cnidaria- jelly fish and blue bottles

Question 11

which phyla has bilateral symmetry. Give eg organism names (4)

Answer 11

1- plathelminthesis = flat worms
2- annelida = segmented worms
3- arthropoda = jointed legs (spiders. crabs, crustaceans)
4- chordata = vertebrates (mammals, birds, fishes, frogs, reptiles)

Question 12

what are the 3 germ/tissue layers in embryonic dev and where are they

Answer 12

1= ectoderm:outer layer 
2= endoderm :inner layer 
3= mesoderm : layer betw ecto and endoderm

Question 13

what does the ectoderm develop into (2)

Answer 13

the outer protective layer

• sense organs
• nervous system

Question 14

what does the endoderm dev into

Answer 14

the linning of the digestive system

Question 15

what does the mesoderm dev into (6)

Answer 15

1- internal organs
2- bone 
3- blood 
4- repro organs 
5- cartilage 
6- lymphatic system

Question 16

what are animals that have only 2 germ layers called

Answer 16

diploblastic - only ecto and endoderm layer

sep by mesolglea

Question 17

what is mesoglea

Answer 17

non cellular jelly like layer that sep endo and ectoderm layers of diploblastic animals
- also the tissue jelly fish (cnidaria) that functions as hydro static skeleton

Question 18

what are animals with only 3 germ layers called

Answer 18

triploblastic

Question 19

which phylums are diploblastic (1)

Answer 19

cnidaria

Question 20

which phylums are triploblastic (4)

Answer 20

1- platyhelminthesis
2- annelida
3- arthropoda
4- chordata

Question 21

def sessile

Answer 21

organisms that are immobile and attached to one place for life
- sponges (porifera)

Question 22

what are the advantages of organisms that have bilateral symmetry

Answer 22

• allows animal to move thro enviro in 1 direction
• can focus senses on this direction
• this focus helps with feeding and avoiding predators

Question 23

def cephalisation

Answer 23

the accumulation/ concentration of nerve cells at the anterior end which leads to the dev of a head and central nervous system

Question 24

phyla without cephalisation tip: they dont have bilateral symmetry

Answer 24

1- porifera= asymmetrical

2- cnidaria = radially symmetrical

Question 25

phyla with cephalisation , tip: they have bilateral symmetry

Answer 25

1= plathelminthesis 
2= annelida 
3= arthropoda 
4= chordata

Question 26

def coelom

Answer 26

internal fluid filled cavity that lies betw ectoderm and endoderm (betw digestive tract and outer body wall) and dev in mesoderm in triploblastic organisms

Question 27

what fluid fills the coelom and what is its purpose

Answer 27

coelomic fluid = acts as transp medium for substances

Question 28

what is the purpose of a coelom (4)

Answer 28

1- to seperate the digestive tract from body wall
2- ensures that each functions independently of each other
3- acts as hydroskeleton
4-allows animal to grow by prov space for organs to dev

Question 29

what are 3 categories that triploblastic animals with a coelom can be divided into

Answer 29

1- acoelomate = no cavity, coelom, in mesoderm
2- pseudocoelomate = doesnt have true coelom
3- coelom = has true coelom

Question 30

what is the purpose or need for a blood system

Answer 30

• occurs mainly in triploblastic animals
• due to mesodermal organds sep digestive tract from body wall diffusion cant occur
• a need for transp system arises
• blood system transp O2, CO2, digested nutrients

Question 31

phyla that are acoelomate and dont have a blood system

Answer 31

1- porifera = cellular tissue lvl, so no mesoderm for coelom, no coelom means no blood system

2- cnidaria = diploblastic so no mesoderm which means no coelom, no coelom means no blood system

3- plathelminthesis = a category, even tho it has 3 layers (mesoderm) it has no coelom and thus no blood system

Question 32

phyla that are coelomate and their type of blood system

Answer 32

1- annelida = closed blood system
2- arthropoda =open blood system
3- chordata = closed blood system

Question 33

what is animals with only one gut opening called

Answer 33

blind ending gut

Question 34

what are the chrcts of blind ending gut (5)

Answer 34

1- food consumed thro opening and food excreted thro the same opening

2- only one opening for both the mouth and anus

3- limits amount of food that can be consumed

4- digestion is a discontinuous process: new food can only be taken in when all food already ingested has digested and egested

5-digested and undigested material mix

Question 35

what is animals with 2 gut openings called

Answer 35

through gut

Question 36

what are the chrts of through gut (4)

Answer 36

1- 2 openings mouth and anus
2- incoming food doesnt mix with outgoing undigested food
3- digestions is a continuous process
4- diff regions of digestive tract can become specialised to improve efficiency