Biodiversity (4.1-4.6) Flashcards

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1
Q

Adaptation

A

The changes organisms undergo to become more suited to their environment

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2
Q

Anatomical adaptations

A

Changes to the physical features of an organism

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3
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

The ways in which an organism acts differently to cope with factors in its environment

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4
Q

Biodiversity

A

A measure of the variety of life in an area

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5
Q

Classification

A

A means of organising the variety of life based on the relationship between organisms using differences and similarities in phenotypes and genotypes

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6
Q

Endemism

A

A species which only exists in a certain area

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7
Q

Evolution

A

The changes in a populations characteristics over time

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8
Q

Hardy-Weinberg principle

A

A principle which states that the frequency of alleles in a. population will not change ever time unless evolutionary factors are present

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9
Q

Hardy Weinburg formula

A

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

p2 = frequency of homozygous dominant 
2pq = Frequency of heterozygous 
q2 = Frequency of homozygous recessive
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10
Q

Heterozygosity index (H)

A

A measure of the proportion of a population which is heterozygotic which can be calculated using:

                     Number of heterozygotes  H =        ----------------------------------------------------------
           Number of individuals in the population
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11
Q

Index of diversity (D)

A

A measure of the diversity of a population which takes into account the number and abundance of a species and can be used to compare different habitats using the equation:

     N(N-1) D =  ----------------
     En(n-1)
N = Total number of organisms 
n = Total number of organisms of the species of interest
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12
Q

Natural selection

A

Where better adapted organisms are able to survive and reproduce which causes the population to become better adapted over time

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13
Q

Physiological adaptations

A

The internal body changes that an organism undergoes to cope with factors in its environment

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14
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

The inability of some organisms of a species to breed with other members of the same species due to barrier

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15
Q

Species

A

Organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring

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16
Q

Species richness

A

The number of different species in a habitat

17
Q

Measuring genotype

A

Alleles are analysed to find out how genetically diverse a species is
The larger then number of different alleles, the greater the genetic diversity

18
Q

Measuring phenotype

A

Characteristics are observed

The larger the number of different phenotypes, the greater the genetic diversity

19
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

The way an organism acts

20
Q

Physiological adaptions

A

Something that changes in a lifetime

hormones

21
Q

Anatomical adaptations

A

A fixed structure/body part