Biodiversity Flashcards
Genetic Diversity
Variation in genetic composition among individuals of a population, a species, or a community
Ecosystem Diversity
Variety of different habitats, communities, and ecological processes
Species Diversity
Number and relative abundance of species found in a given biological organization
Umbrella Species
Usually migratory and/or need a large habitat
Protecting these species indirectly protects all other species that make up the ecosystem
The Philippines
- High endemism
- Mega diverse
- Biodiversity Hotspot
- Center of Coral Triangle
High Endemism
Species found there are not found anywhere else on Earth
Mega Diverse
Exhibiting great biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspot
A biogeographic region with significant levels of biodiversity that is under threat from humans
Threats to Biodiversity
- Habitat Destruction/Distrubance
- Overexploitation
- Invasive Species
- Poaching
Habitat Destruction/Disturbance Example
Vanishing of Philippine Forests
China’s Three Gorges Dam
Overexploitation Example
Dynamite Fishing
Making of Quarries and road extensions
Using of pesticide
Invasive Species Examples
Spike-topped apple snail
Janitor Fish
Poaching Examples
poaching of elephants for ivory
Rhinos for horn and hide
Conserving Biodiversity
- Establish protected areas (NIPAS)
- Captive breeding programs
- Community-based resource management
- Wildlife Resources and Conservation Act of 2001
- Regulating Biopiracy and Bioprospecting
- Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA)
- International Agreements
- Preserving Genetic Stock
Establish protected areas Examples
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act; legislation to create protected areas, very tedious process but can be used to get national support
Captive breeding programs examples
China and their pandas
Philippine Eagle Breeding areas
Bolinao Giant Clam Sacntuary
Turtle hatcheries
Community-based resource management examples
Bantay Dagat
Swimming with Butanding
Wildlife Resources and Conservation Act
Conserve and protect wildlife species
Regulate collection and trade of wildlife
Pursue Philippine commitment to international conventions
Initiate and support scientific studies on the conservation of biological diversity
Regulating Biopiracy and Bioprospecting
Described guidelines and procedures for the prospecting and pirating of biological and genetic resources
Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA)
Act to recognize, protect, and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples, creating a national commission on indigenous peoples
International Agreements Examples
Convention on the International Trade of Endagered Species (1973)
Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) in Nagoya
Preserving Genetic Stock Examples
Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway
Preservationism
Strict setting aside of natural resources such as Sanctuaries
Conservationism
Sustainable use and management such as protected areas
