BioCog Week 5A Working memory and imagery

Question 1

Modal model components

Answer 1

Sensory memory - short-term memory - long term memory

Question 2

short-term memory

Answer 2

• very limited capacity
• decay after around 30 sec
• Unrehearsed info is forgotten

Question 3

long-term memory

Answer 3

• unlimited
• no decay
• forgetting only to invalid retireval cluues

Question 4

Sperling task

Answer 4

• box of letters
• whole-report condition: report as many as possible out of all
• partial-report: only report from the indicated row
• > partial report performs better. recall recreases with delay between presentation and signal tone

Question 5

sensory memory

Answer 5

• decay after one second
• huge capacity
• calculated in Sperling task by squaring number of corect answers

Question 6

phonological loop

Answer 6

• for working memory

- verbal information

Question 7

articulatory supression

Answer 7

…of the phonological loop

• f.e. say the the the while trying to remember a number
• decreases recall
• evidence for workin memory model

Question 8

primacy effect

Answer 8

• first words are recalled better
• drawn from long-term memory
• got there because of lots of rehearsal

Question 9

recency effect

Answer 9

• last words are recalled better

- because they are still in shprt-term memory

Question 10

magical number 7

Answer 10

…plus or minus 2

• Miller 1956
• Proven false, real number is around 4
• seven was due to chunking

Question 11

chunking

Answer 11

• grouping individual units into larger meaningful units

Question 12

proactive interference

Answer 12

• old information interferes with new

- explains why recall gets worse with increasing number of trials (if category is not changed)

Question 13

retroactive interference

Answer 13

• new info interferes with old

Question 14

depth of processin

Answer 14

• extend to which new knowledge is connected with old

Question 15

working memory components

Answer 15

• central executive with two slave systems:
  1. phonological loop
  2. visuospatial sketchpad
  distributes attention depending on task

Question 16

central executive location

Answer 16

• prefrontal areas

Question 17

visuospatial sketchpad location

Answer 17

• parietal lobe for space

- occipital lobe for visual and motor

Question 18

phonological loop location

Answer 18

Broca’s area

Question 19

frontal lobe components

Answer 19

• > controls subcortical (lower) brain areas
• premotor and primary motor cortex
• frontal eyefields
• prefrontal cortex
• Broca’s

Question 20

network of areas in working memory

Answer 20

• prefrontal and parietal control sensory and content specific areas (i.e. visuospacial and phonological)

Question 21

actors of the imagery debate

Answer 21

• Kosslyn YES

- Pylyshyn NO

Question 22

mental rotation task

Answer 22

• difficulty increases with amount of rotation

Question 23

propositional representation

Answer 23

• using language

- relations are displayed using predicated like under, next to

Question 24

dipictive representation

Answer 24

• a picture in your head

Question 25

mental scanning task

Answer 25

• being presented with a picture
• afterwards answering questions about its properties
• > reaction time gets worse when questions are further away from the focus of attention
• > can also be explained by prespositional representation: you need more predicates

Question 26

perception and imagery in the brain

Answer 26

• nearly identical, same visual areas
• only on first perception slightly more
• > brain correlates

Question 27

epiphenomenon

Answer 27

• if one occurs the other does as well but no causal relation

Question 28

solution of imagery debate

Answer 28

• TMS was used to deactivate visual area

- made judgements about pairs of objects slower

Question 29

differences and similarities between imagery and perception

Answer 29

• different input

- meet in the middle i.e. visual receiving area and higher visual areas