BioCog 1B structure and function of nerve cells

Question 1

ionic bonds

Answer 1

• by electrostatic force

Question 2

convalent bonds

Answer 2

• sharing electrodes

Question 3

glucose

Answer 3

= sugar

Question 4

lipids

Answer 4

= fats

• long carbon chains
• hydrophobic

Question 5

phospholipids

Answer 5

• carbon chains with added phosphor
• form cell membrane
• waterrepellend at the outside

Question 6

some

Answer 6

• cell body

Question 7

endoplasmatic reticulum

Answer 7

• produce, strore, transport proteins

- inside soma

Question 8

golgi apparatus

Answer 8

• puts NT in vesicles

Question 9

mitochondria

Answer 9

• produce ATP

Question 10

lysomes

Answer 10

• process waste

Question 11

microtubuli

Answer 11

• transport vesicles

Question 12

ribosomes

Answer 12

• read out mRNA

- produce proteins

Question 13

kinesin

Answer 13

• from soma to terminal buttons

Question 14

dynein

Answer 14

• from terminal buttons to soma

Question 15

sequence in nerve cell

Answer 15

1. dendrites
2. soma integration
3. axon
4. terminal buttons

Question 16

oligodendrocytes

Answer 16

• macroglia
• myelin sheaths
• CNS

Question 17

Schwann cells

Answer 17

• macroglia
• myelin sheaths
• PNS

Question 18

astrocytes s

Answer 18

• macroglia
• support
• insulate
• build blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Question 19

forces enabling membrane potential

Answer 19

• diffusion

- electrostatic force

Question 20

Na+

Answer 20

= natrium
outside of cell
transported back by pump

Question 21

K+

Answer 21

= potassium
inside of cell
retained by electrostatic force

Question 22

Cl-

Answer 22

= calcium
outside of cell
retained by electrostatic force

Question 23

outside cell

Answer 23

• more Na+, pumped back

- more Cl-, retained electrically

Question 24

inside cell

Answer 24

• more K+, retained electrically

- more A-, cant pass membrane

Question 25

all-or-none

Answer 25

• potential only when threshold is reaches

- -60mV

Question 26

actin potential

Answer 26

1. Na+ open, depolatisation
2. K+ open, counteract
3. Na+ close
4. hypopolarisation
5. K+ close

Question 27

direct conduction

Answer 27

• slow

- inefficient

Question 28

passive conduction

Answer 28

• no new potentials

- decay

Question 29

saltatory conduction

Answer 29

• new potentials at each node of Ranvier

- best conduction

Question 30

macroglia

Answer 30

oligodendrites
Schwann cells
astrocytes