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BioCog Final > BioCog 3B Vision biological > Flashcards

BioCog 3B Vision biological Flashcards

1
Q

Basal visual functions

A
  • colours, lines, angles
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2
Q

higher order visual functions

A
  • what

- where

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3
Q

transduction

A
  • conversion into electrical signals

- photoreceptors to ganglion cells

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4
Q

projection

A
  • from sensory organ to the brain
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5
Q

hue

A
  • colour
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6
Q

saturation

A
  • grade to which a perceived colour has only one wavelength
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7
Q

2nd cranial nerve

A
  • optic nerve
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8
Q

blind spot

A
  • where the optic nerves meets the retina

- no rods not cones

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9
Q

fovea

A
  • point of highest resolution
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10
Q

bipolar cells

A
  • get signal from photoreceptors

- tranfer to ganglion cells

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11
Q

ganglion cells

A
  • get signal from the bipolar cells

- merge into the optic nerve

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12
Q

receptive field

A
  • region of space that induces a change of firing rate for certain neurons
  • what the neuron “sees”
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13
Q

lamellae

A
  • part of photoreceptors

- contain the photopigment

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14
Q

cones

A
  • for colour
  • red, green and blue
  • made out of retinal and one of three opsins
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15
Q

rods

A
  • for brightness

- made up of rod opsin and retinal = rhodopsin

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16
Q

brightness

A

= intensity

- coded by firing rate

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17
Q

ON cells

A
  • fire more when there is more

- have their ON area in the center

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18
Q

OFF cells

A
  • fire more when there is less

- have their OFF area in the center

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19
Q

Mach effect

A
  • colour field edges appear lighter when a darker coulour is next to it or vice versa
  • due to receptive fields, ON and OFF cells
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20
Q

rebound effect

A
  1. ganglion cells are stimulated / inhibited for a longer time
  2. stimulus seized
  3. ganglion cells fire temporarily less or more than
    before
    - creates afterimage
21
Q

trichromatic coding

A
  • red light activates the red cone and so on
22
Q

opponent-process coding

A
  • after trichromatic coding
  • red-green and blue-yellow cell
  • adds yellow
23
Q

red-green ganglion cell

A

ON = red

- OFF = green

24
Q

yellow-blue ganglion cell

A
  • ON = yellow

- OFF = blue

25
Q

simple cells

A
  • get signals from single cells of LGN

- transfer to complex cells

26
Q

complex cells

A
  • get signals from simple cells

- make f.e. movement detection by combining receptive fields of simple cells

27
Q

retinotopic organization

A
  • an area of the visual field exactly corresponds with an area in the visual cortex
  • for location detection
28
Q

depth perception

A
  • mainly by disparity of the eyes
29
Q

striate cortex

A

= primary visual cortex

30
Q

what

A
  • ventral stream
  • inferotemporal cortex
  • colour, shape, pattern, faces
  • 50% magnocellular
  • 50% parvo and koniocellular
31
Q

where

A
  • dorsal stream
  • prestriate cortex and posterior parietal cortex
  • space, movement, coordination/tracking
  • 95% magnocellular
32
Q

V4

A
  • for colour constancy
33
Q

V8

A
  • for colour vision
  • colour imagination
  • colour memory
34
Q

cerebral achromatopsia

A
  • no colour vision, imagination and memory

- from damage in V8

35
Q

optic chiasm

A
  • optic nerves switch sides
36
Q

LGN

A
  • lateral geniculate nuclei
  • two of them
  • 6 layers
37
Q

layer 1 +2

A
  • magnocellular

- shape, movement, depth

38
Q

layer 3 - 6

A
  • parvocellular

- colour and details

39
Q

apperceptive agnosia

A
  • inability to recognize objects

- inability to combine parts

40
Q

propagnosia

A
  • inability to recognize faces
41
Q

face-inversion effect

A
  • upside down face with reversed eyes and mouth
  • > you dont find it weird
  • turn that upside down
  • > very weird
42
Q

IP

A
  • intraprietal sulcus

- in posterior parietal cortex

43
Q

LIP + VIP

A
  • attention and eye movement
44
Q

VIP + MIP

A
  • visual control of grasping and pointing
45
Q

AIP

A
  • graspin and manipulating with hands
46
Q

CIP

A
  • depth perception
47
Q

V5

A
  • movement perception

- extra thick and myelinate connections

48
Q

akinetopsia

A
  • inability perceive fluent movements

- from damage to V5

49
Q

MST

A
  • for optic flow

BioCog Final (17 decks)

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