BioCog 9B language biological Flashcards
lateralization
- one hemisphere is dominant
lateralization of language
- in most cases left hemisphere dominant
- right also possible
- being left handed increases that chance
WADA
- test to figure out dominant language hemisphere
- one hemisphere is anesthezised
other methods than WADA
- TMS
- neuroimaging
ambidextrous
- both-handed
Wernicke-Geschwind model
- Wernickes for meaning
- gets signal from ears
- Brocas makes words
- executes them via motor cortex
Brocas
- mainly for grammar and verbs
arcualte fasciculus
- transfer of meaning from Wernickes to Brocas
most common cause for aphasias
- stroke / infarct
apraxia of speech
- no cognitive impairement
- primary motor cortex damage
anomic aphasia
- problems finding certain words
- which ones depends on brain area
- f.e. inferior temporal = objects,
- Brocas = verbs -> averbia
posterior language area
words meaning
Wernickes
- words recognition
pure words deafness
= PWD
- no understanding of spoken language
transcortical sensory aphasia
- no understanding of spoken and written language
- posterior language area damage
Wernickes aphasia
- pure words deafness + transcortical sensory aphasia
- no understanding at all
- no meaningfull speech
conduction aphasia
- no repetition of speech
- arcuate fiscuculus damage
Brocas aphasia
- no rhythm, prosody and grammar
- Brocas area damage
insula
- problems articulation
- small lesion in Brocas
phonological reading
- sounding out each letter
- children learn reading that way
- dorsal stream
- tempoparietal cortex
- inferior frontal cortex
whole-word reading
- recognizing known words as a whole
- ventral stream
visual word form area
= VWFA
- recognizing letters
surface dylexia
- no whole-word reading
phonological dyslexia
- no phonetic reading
- no aquirng of new words
direct dyslexia
- meaningless speech
- no understanding of others speach
developmental dyslexia
- congenital phonological dyslexia
- you dont learn reading
deep orthgraphy
- little correspondence between letters and pronounciaton
- f.e. English, French
- problematic with dyslexia
shallow orthography
- letters equal pronounciation
- f.e. Italian, Japanese kanji
- no problem with dyslexia
orthographical dysgraphia
- no whole-word spelling
- posterior inferior temporal cortex damage
phonological dysgraphia
- problems with new words
- superior temporal cortex damage
difference reading and hearing in brain
- little difference besides input
- only Brocas is less active
