Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biochem_keubel > BioChem_quiz3_Organic Chemistry II > Flashcards

BioChem_quiz3_Organic Chemistry II Flashcards

1
Q

What always has 4 bonds?

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sulfide groups. Test question

A

extremely important in protein structure and in cellular energy production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Carbonyl Group

A

a carbon double bonded to an oxygen,

is repeatedly seen in related classes of organic molecules — Carboxylic acids, Aldehydes, Keytones, Esters, Amides, etc.

Carbonyl groups are polar in nature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

R- Groups

A

Frequently, for shorthand purposes, an “R-“ is placed in a skeleton diagram to indicate that some chemical group is attached to the atoms in question, but it is not important to see or know what that chemical group is.

Occasionally, when looking at a molecule, there will be an “R” and an “R’” (R- prime) which indicated 2 differing R groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ethers

A

non-polar molecules with an R-
replacing hydrogen (R-O-R).
Simple ethers are used as anesthetics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thiols

A

simple to complex polar molecules with a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom in the OH- group; therefore the molecule has a SH group (R-S-H) — the sulfide group.

Always indicate sulfur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phenols

A

polar alcohol molecules with one benzene ring or more;

many are used as antiseptics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Acetaldehyde

A

is a liver metabolite of ethyl alcohol, which is responsible for alcohol hangovers.

It’s an aldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cinnamaldehyde

A

The essential oil of cinnamon bark is about 90%

It’s an aldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What likes to be -2? Always has net negative charge.

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-COOH (Know this!)

A

This group is found throughout the biological world, creating weak acids,

as the H dissociates for only short periods of time from the COOH group, creating a mild acid reaction
— less time H is in solution, less acid is the fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fatty acids

A

Are Common carboxylic acids, which we identify as fats or lipids, but are
actually acid fats.

Fatty acids are classifiedby their saturation — unsaturated or saturated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prostaglandin E1

A

an unsaturated fatty acid messenger molecule

Double bond makes a fatty acid unsaturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Esters

A

are created from the COOH group by replacing the H with R-. Many esters are fragrant.

are identified by the suffix of -oate

Ex: Ethyl Heptanoate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Alcohols

A

any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom of an alkyl group. Most alcohols are alkanes and aliphatic, but can have aromatic groups. The OH group usually makes alcohols hydrophilic. Technically, cholesterol is an alcohol.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Three types of amines (test question)

A

primary, with 1 R- group, secondary, with 2 R- groups, and tertiary, with 3 R-groups.

Primary Amine R-NH2
Secondary Amine R-NH-R
Tertiary Amine R-N-R-R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Amino acids,

A

Are the building blocks of proteins, are all amines, with differing R- groups.

Most amino acids are primary amines (R-NH2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heterocyclic Amines

A

This huge class of amines are based upon ring structures that include one or more nitrogen atoms in the carbon ring.

Many carcinogens are these
Ex: Nicotine, Strychnine, Morphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Amides

A

They combine an amine group with a carbonyl group.

All proteins are these

Examples:
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) C8H9NO2
Amoxicillin C16H19N3O5S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Keytones

A

are derived from aldehydes by substituting a second R- group for the hydrogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Biological Macromolecules

A

Biological systems are structurally composed of 4 basic types of organic molecules:
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

(N.L.C.P.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

phenlyketonuria.

A

Keytone groups are the chemical cause of toxicity in this genetic disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Carboxylic Acid,

A

R-COOH, is a very common organic acid group, with the R- being any kind of aliphatic or aromatic compound.

38
Q

Starches

A

created from simple sugars by linking multiple simple sugars in long chains.
similar to protein creation.

40
Q

Sugars

A

Monosaccharides are single sugar moieties. Disaccharides are two monosaccharides bonded. Polysaccharides are multiple monosaccharides bonded.

41
Q

Lipids (fats)

A

fatty acids, glycerols, sterols.

Lipids do not form gigantic macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids.

43
Q

What is also a common component of membranes, and is the basic molecule used to make sterol hormones like corticosteroids — molecules made in the adrenal glands?

A

Cholesterol

48
Q

pyrimidines and purines

A

2 types of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides

They are heterocyclic amines

49
Q

Organic Nitrogen

A

Amines and Amides

50
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid.
a double-stranded nucleic acid

Deoxyribose

The DNA strands are held together by weak hydrogen bonding.

51
Q

RNA

A

a single-stranded nucleic acid.

Ribose

52
Q

Amines

A

are based on ammonia _ NH3. Ammonia has a tetrahedral structure, and can lose any of its 3 hydrogens to other (R-) groups.

54
Q

Carbonyl

A

A carbon double bonded to an oxygen.

They are polar in nature!!!!!! Test question

55
Q

Proteins

A

a long, linear chain of bonded amino acids.

A single amino acid is a monopeptide,

two joined amino acids form a dipeptide,

three aminos bonded, a tripeptide,

and multiple bonded aminos (4 ) are a protein or polypeptide.

65
Q

Porphyrins

A

are a class of heterocyclic amines that chelate a metal ion in the molecule’s center. Porphyrins are extremely important in the function of many enzymes.

73
Q

building blocks of proteins;

A

Amines

74
Q

Proteins

A

Amides

75
Q

Peptide bond

A

When amino acids are joined to form amides (proteins)

76
Q

Peptide

A

Simplest form of protein.

78
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

A peptide bond is a chemical bond formed when the carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amino group of another amino acid, thereby releasing a molecule of water (H2O).

79
Q

dehydration synthesis reaction,

A

The peptide bond is a dehydration synthesis reaction, and occurs between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amine group on another amino acid. The resulting OC-NH bond is called a peptide bond, and the resulting molecule is an amide.

83
Q

What is the basic amino group.

A

NH2

84
Q

What is the acidic carboxyl group?

A

COOH

85
Q

R

A

is any aliphatic or aromatic group that makes the amino acid unique

86
Q

Protein

A

is a long, linear chain of bonded amino acids.

87
Q

Carbohydrates

A

simple sugars, complex sugars, and starches

91
Q

Sugar

A

a ring with either 4 or 5 carbons and 1 oxygen

98
Q

Lipids

A

Their most common role in cells and tissues are cell membranes, whether the cell surface or on the interior of cells. They coalesce to form a bilayer which makes the membrane.

101
Q

What is the backbone for glyceride fats?

A

Glycerol

102
Q

Nucleic acids

A

the cell’s genetic material. They are long chains of nucleotide subunits, and have both storage (DNA) and functional (RNA) roles in the cell.

103
Q

Nucleotides

A

are the building blocks of nucleic acids and are composed of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

104
Q

phosphate-sugar backbone of the nucleic acid

A

nucleotides are bonded together in long chains, making DNA and RNA where the sugar and phosphate groups form the chain

107
Q

What is a class of single-strand nucleic acid, made of ribonucleotides?

A

RNA

115
Q

What group is the chemical cause of toxicity in the genetic disease phenylketonuria?

A

Keytone groups

116
Q

methyl group

A

is an alkyl derived from methane, containing one carbon atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms _ CH3.

biochem_keubel (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions