BioChem_quiz1_Intro to Inorganic Chemistry

Question 1

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 1

The chemistry of elements, reactivity and atomic relationships that are based on elements and their properties.

Question 2

Organic chemistry

Answer 2

The chemistry of carbon, its reactivity and relationships with other elements and the compounds carbon makes.
Divided into biological and non-biological studies.

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

The number determines the element of the atom
gives each element it’s unique identity.

Atomic number.

Positive charge.

Question 5

Atom

Answer 5

A single nucleus made of protons and neutrons, with a cloud of orbiting electrons.

Question 6

Neutron

Answer 6

No electrical charge, but balances the instability of positively charged protons.
neutrons and protons form the nucleus.

Question 8

Electrons

Answer 8

Determine the chemical property of an element.
Elements’s Chemical characteristic.
Negative charge.

Question 10

hydrogen ion

Answer 10

H — or hydrogen ion
When the electron is stripped away, the atom has a vernacular name.

Hydrogen is the only element normally without a neutron.

Question 13

Nucleus

Answer 13

A sphere composed of protons and neutrons, within an orbital cloud of electrons.

Question 14

isotope

Answer 14

A varying neutron count.

There are never less neutrons than protons (except in hydrogen).

Question 17

Sub atomic particles

Answer 17

Atomic particles are also divisible (splitting of the atom _ fission, atomic energy, atomic bombs), and are composed of sub-atomic particles.

Question 18

Valence state

Answer 18

a general term that describes charge state.

the most common loss or gain of electrons from the electron cloud by a particular element. For instance, sodium, Na, has a 1 valence, meaning it loses one electron very easily, leaving a 1 charge to the atom.

The combination of elements, by the attraction of their valence states, give infinite variety to the compounds the elements make.

Question 19

electroneutrality.

Answer 19

Electrically neutral state.

This property is taken advantage of in biological systems to create cellular energy.

Question 20

covalent bond

Answer 20

electrons are shared freely from one electron cloud to another, bonding an atom to another atom.

Most common in biochemistry

Almost all carbon compounds have this bond

My notes:
The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons

In biological systems, covalent bonds are called strong bonds. This means that they are not normally broken under biological conditions unless by enzymic catalysis. This is in opposition to weak bonds like hydrogen and ionic bonds which are easily broken under normal biological conditions of temperature and pressure.

Question 21

ionic bond

Answer 21

charge polarities in molecules create electronic attraction of /- (positive/negative) which link atoms by attraction to their opposite charge

forces of attraction between ions of opposite charge ( and -)

Question 22

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 22

most common mild-force weak bonds.

Van der Waals forces, another weak bond

Question 25

Ho

Answer 25

When hydrogen is unadulterated, it has a neutral charge, meaning the proton and electron add to a charge of zero.

Question 26

Dissolution:

Answer 26

When an ionic compound, like sodium chloride, dissolves in water, the sodium ( 1 state) and the chlorine (-1 state) go into solution, and the salt crystal is broken up, the atoms distributed throughout the water, but still electrically neutral.

Question 30

Valence

Answer 30

characteristic number of electrons lost or gained from the electron cloud of the atom. The valence number determines the element’s chemical conduct with other elements. It is measured as positive valence ( ) _ less electrons than protons; or negative valence _ (-) more electrons than protons)

Question 31

molecule

Answer 31

When 2 or more atoms interact and bind together by electron behaviors

Question 32

salts.

Answer 32

For instance, dissolved metals like sodium, calcium, or potassium are important ionic atoms, dissolved in blood and interstitial fluids between cells, and in the cell itself.

When anions and cations crystallize together, these dissolved ionic compounds are called _______.

The water-based environment of body fluids are salty due to the ionizing nature of water creating cations and anions.

Question 33

layers or electron shells.

Answer 33

Energetic states of an atom

Question 35

acid

Answer 35

A simple acid compound is Sulfuric Acid.
It’s formula is H2SO4; two hydrogen cations
compound with one sulfate anion. Acids usually have hydrogen as the cation, rather than a metal, as in a salt. These acids readily react with other substances in a corrosive way, because their power to ionize can be very strong, like sulfuric acid. The corrosive potential is a characteristic of a molecule. Not all acids are dangerous to life. DNA for instance, is an acid. Citric acid is another mild acid.

Question 36

Covalent molecules

Answer 36

dissolve in water, but do not dissociate; their asymmetrical charge distribution, as in glucose, allows the polarity of water to put the molecule into solution.

Question 37

acid

Answer 37

A simple acid compound is Sulfuric Acid.
It’s formula is H2SO4; two hydrogen cations
compound with one sulfate anion. Acids usually have hydrogen as the cation, rather than a metal, as in a salt. These acids readily react with other substances in a corrosive way, because their power to ionize can be very strong, like sulfuric acid. The corrosive potentialis a characteristic of a molecule. Not all acids are dangerous to life. DNA for instance, is an acid. Citric acid is another mild acid.

Question 39

Protons and neutrons

Answer 39

mass number

Question 40

Periodic Table of the Elements

Answer 40

chart of all the elements found in nature and synthetic elements created in nuclear reactors.

Question 41

periodicity

Answer 41

The valence state of each element follows a periodicity, and the Table shows chemical similarity between vertical columns of elements. The Table is organized by valence state of the elements.

Question 66

Ion

Answer 66

is a commonly used term in chemistry signifying an atom that is dissolved in water and has either a positive or negative charge, like K , potassium ion in water. Or OH-, the hydroxide ion.

Question 67

molecule

Answer 67

usually two or more atoms that are bound together creating complexity

Question 68

electrostatic attraction.

Answer 68

An ionic bond is formed through an_________________between two oppositely charged ions.

Question 71

dissolution potential

Answer 71

determines how easily or how much of the compound will dissolve in water.

Question 72

Polar covalent bond

Answer 72

Water

Question 75

Polarity

Answer 75

Positively charged side and a negatively charged side.

Question 76

cations

Answer 76

positively charged ions

Question 79

anions

Answer 79

negatively charged, such as Cl- or PO4-.

Question 85

pH:

Answer 85

percent hydrogen (ion). The percentage of hydrogen ion is where acid and base (alkaline) properties are equal, on a logarithmic scale of 1-14, is 7.