BioChem_quiz1_Intro to Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards
Inorganic chemistry
The chemistry of elements, reactivity and atomic relationships that are based on elements and their properties.
Organic chemistry
The chemistry of carbon, its reactivity and relationships with other elements and the compounds carbon makes.
Divided into biological and non-biological studies.
Protons
The number determines the element of the atom
gives each element it’s unique identity.
Atomic number.
Positive charge.
Atom
A single nucleus made of protons and neutrons, with a cloud of orbiting electrons.
Neutron
No electrical charge, but balances the instability of positively charged protons.
neutrons and protons form the nucleus.
Electrons
Determine the chemical property of an element.
Elements’s Chemical characteristic.
Negative charge.
hydrogen ion
H — or hydrogen ion
When the electron is stripped away, the atom has a vernacular name.
Hydrogen is the only element normally without a neutron.
Nucleus
A sphere composed of protons and neutrons, within an orbital cloud of electrons.
isotope
A varying neutron count.
There are never less neutrons than protons (except in hydrogen).
Sub atomic particles
Atomic particles are also divisible (splitting of the atom _ fission, atomic energy, atomic bombs), and are composed of sub-atomic particles.
Valence state
a general term that describes charge state.
the most common loss or gain of electrons from the electron cloud by a particular element. For instance, sodium, Na, has a 1 valence, meaning it loses one electron very easily, leaving a 1 charge to the atom.
The combination of elements, by the attraction of their valence states, give infinite variety to the compounds the elements make.
electroneutrality.
Electrically neutral state.
This property is taken advantage of in biological systems to create cellular energy.
covalent bond
electrons are shared freely from one electron cloud to another, bonding an atom to another atom.
Most common in biochemistry
Almost all carbon compounds have this bond
My notes:
The stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons
In biological systems, covalent bonds are called strong bonds. This means that they are not normally broken under biological conditions unless by enzymic catalysis. This is in opposition to weak bonds like hydrogen and ionic bonds which are easily broken under normal biological conditions of temperature and pressure.
ionic bond
charge polarities in molecules create electronic attraction of /- (positive/negative) which link atoms by attraction to their opposite charge
forces of attraction between ions of opposite charge ( and -)
Hydrogen bonds
most common mild-force weak bonds.
Van der Waals forces, another weak bond
Ho
When hydrogen is unadulterated, it has a neutral charge, meaning the proton and electron add to a charge of zero.
Dissolution:
When an ionic compound, like sodium chloride, dissolves in water, the sodium ( 1 state) and the chlorine (-1 state) go into solution, and the salt crystal is broken up, the atoms distributed throughout the water, but still electrically neutral.
Valence
characteristic number of electrons lost or gained from the electron cloud of the atom. The valence number determines the element’s chemical conduct with other elements. It is measured as positive valence ( ) _ less electrons than protons; or negative valence _ (-) more electrons than protons)
molecule
When 2 or more atoms interact and bind together by electron behaviors
salts.
For instance, dissolved metals like sodium, calcium, or potassium are important ionic atoms, dissolved in blood and interstitial fluids between cells, and in the cell itself.
When anions and cations crystallize together, these dissolved ionic compounds are called _______.
The water-based environment of body fluids are salty due to the ionizing nature of water creating cations and anions.
layers or electron shells.
Energetic states of an atom
acid
A simple acid compound is Sulfuric Acid.
It’s formula is H2SO4; two hydrogen cations
compound with one sulfate anion. Acids usually have hydrogen as the cation, rather than a metal, as in a salt. These acids readily react with other substances in a corrosive way, because their power to ionize can be very strong, like sulfuric acid. The corrosive potential is a characteristic of a molecule. Not all acids are dangerous to life. DNA for instance, is an acid. Citric acid is another mild acid.
Covalent molecules
dissolve in water, but do not dissociate; their asymmetrical charge distribution, as in glucose, allows the polarity of water to put the molecule into solution.
acid
A simple acid compound is Sulfuric Acid.
It’s formula is H2SO4; two hydrogen cations
compound with one sulfate anion. Acids usually have hydrogen as the cation, rather than a metal, as in a salt. These acids readily react with other substances in a corrosive way, because their power to ionize can be very strong, like sulfuric acid. The corrosive potentialis a characteristic of a molecule. Not all acids are dangerous to life. DNA for instance, is an acid. Citric acid is another mild acid.
