BioChem_quiz 6_midterm_LIPIDS

Question 1

WHAT DO LIPIDS DO?

Answer 1

• Are the primary structural component of membranes — phospholipid fatty acids
• Store energy as hydrocarbons to provide energy for making ATP
• Are messengers in the bloodstream as hormones and prostaglandins
• Are important vitamins: A, D, E, & K-series
• Dietary lipids are used to absorb these vitamins from food; a human should have 20% of the diet in lipids to absorb enough vitamins
• Stored lipids, as fat, provides both thermal protection to the body and acts as a shock absorber from blows to the body

Question 1

Phospholipids

Answer 1

The bonding of a phosphate group to a fatty acid creates a phospholipid. These are the most abundant fatty acids in lipid bilayer membranes in all cell types.

Question 3

Fatty Acids

Answer 3

The most crucial role of fatty acids in cells and tissues are as aliphatic chains in the structuring of cell bilayer membranes, mostly as phospholipids. All cell membranes whether interior or exterior, are primarily composed of fatty acids.
-soaps are salts of fatty acids

Question 4

emulsifiers

Answer 4

get non-polar and polar substances to go into solution in water

Question 5

Non-Glyceride Lipids

Answer 5

• Sterol is the basic molecular backbone used to make sterol hormones like corticosteroids and gonadal hormones.
• Sphingolipids are constructed from a fatty acid called sphingosine that has an amino (nitrogen-containing) alcohol, plus a long chain fatty acid. They are important in maintaining and improving the function of the plasmalemma, and occur in many forms.

Question 6

Glycerides

Answer 6

Mono-, di-, and triglycerides

Question 7

Diglycerides

Answer 7

used in the lipid bilayer, and compose the phosphoglycerides

Question 8

Triglycerides

Answer 8

Trigylcerides are the most common way animals store fat in adipose tissue.
They always have 3 fatty acid chains on a glycerol backbone

Question 9

liposome

Answer 9

small sphere of bilayer and stores or transports polar, water soluble molecules.

Question 10

micelle

Answer 10

a single layer of phopsholipid and stores or transports non-polar, fat soluble molecules

Question 11

chylomicron

Answer 11

a type of lipoprotein micelle that transports triglycerides [ T ] and cholesterol [ C ] throughout the body in the bloodstream

Question 12

Prostaglandins and sterols

Answer 12

the two most common lipid messengers.

Question 13

arachidonic acid

Answer 13

is converted to many types of prostaglandins which are important for many messengering roles: in blood clotting, in creating an inflammatory response, in menstrual cramping, in protecting the stomach lining, in bronchorestriction and bronchodialation in the lungs

Question 14

Sterols

Answer 14

Sterol backbone molecules are utilized to produce hormones, digestive bile acids, and cholesterol. 
Important gonadal (sex glands) hormones are steroid: testosterone, estriol, estradiol, progesterone

Question 15

villi

Answer 15

small intestine lining is carpeted by these/

they expose large surface area to the lumen so they can absorb gestate.

Question 16

Lipase

Answer 16

enzymes excreted from the pancreas into the duodenum enter the micelles and begin breaking down the complex fats, usually triglycerides and cholesterol.

Question 17

Lipid Metabolism

Answer 17

When a lipid globule enters the duodenum, sensory nerves tell the liver to excrete bile; the gall bladder is only activated when large quantities of fat are sensed. The bile, along with lecithins as emulsifiers, break the globule and surround the fat, making micelles, or droplets

Question 18

proteinated

Answer 18

special proteins are embedded in the droplet bilayer, and become chylomicrons, produced in the golgi complex, and are released to the lacteals of the lymph system via exocytosis

Question 19

triglyceride fats

Answer 19

Excess glycerols and fatty acids are taken up by adipose tissue, converted to these.