Bio Psych lecture 7

Question 1

6 primary emotions

Answer 1

suprise, fear, anger, disgust, happiness, sadness
->Additional contempt and emberassment/shame.

Question 2

Neurocultural Theory of Emotion

Answer 2

emotions are shaped by cultural and biological processes.

Question 3

Polygaval Theory

Answer 3

-Responding to threat by reducing metabolic activity by immobilization behaviors.
-then increasing metabolic activity for neccesary fight-or-flight behaviors.
-then cranial nerves regulate facial expressions and vocalization.
-quick changes in the body to support engagement with the environment.

Question 4

Response to traumatic stress phases

Answer 4

-Freeze. searching for environmental source of threat
-Flight. avoid conflict.
-Flight. if cant avoid conflict, activation of sympathetic nervous system.
-Fright- toxic immobility. like playing dead.
-Flag. shutdown of activity and drop in blodd pressurdd.
-Fainting

Question 5

Pseudo-Neurological Symptoms

Answer 5

-physical symptoms without a physical cause/origin.

Question 6

Facial Nerves
-Superficial
-Deep

Answer 6

-superficial nerves control our facial expressions.
-deep nerves attach to bone, enable large movements like chewing.

Question 7

Face Muscles are controlled by 2 cranial nerves;

Answer 7

-Facial Nerve
-Trigeminal Nerve

Question 8

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Answer 8

-facial expressions affect our emotional experience.

Question 9

Social and emotional processing is impaired in alcoholics (in right hemisphere and frontal lobes)

Question 10

Alcoholcs makes mistakes especially identifying anger and disgust.
They overestimate the insensity of emotions.

Question 11

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

Answer 11

-an percieved emotional stimuli leads to set of physiological responses, then determine the emotion experienced.

Question 12

Critisim

Answer 12

-interruption of physical feedback may limit the intensity it felt.
-same visceral changes (internal organs that are not very sensitive) occur in different emotional states and also non-emotional states.
-Visceral changes are too slow to be the source of emotional feeling.
-like increasing heart rate doesn’t neccesarily result in a genunie emotional experience.

Question 13

Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion

Answer 13

-emotional and physiological response occurs simultioneosly.

Question 14

Schacter’s Cognitive Labling Theory of Emotion

Answer 14

-how we interpret a situation plays a role in emotion we experience.
(knowing ur heart is racing cuz of caffeine, u wont attribute it to external situation.)

Question 15

Somatic Market Hypothesis

Answer 15

physiological responses directly affect areas involved in decision making.

Question 16

Papez Circuit
-The Cortical Circuit
-The Thalamic Circuit

Answer 16

-expression of emotion.
-cortical circuit-thinking or perception of emotion.

Question 17

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Answer 17

-monkeys that would act aggresively before didnt now.
-due to changes in papez circuit.
-amygdala can account for reduction in fear responses.

Question 18

Amygdala integrates info from both cortical and subcortical brain regions.

Question 19

Amygdala has 2 Routes

Answer 19

1-direct projection to hypothalamus which carries sensory info and can activate body systems without consciouss awarness.

2-a conscious route where feeling of emotion is experienced.

Question 20

Damage to amygdala

Answer 20

-impacts ability to recognize negative facial expressions.

Question 21

Leisons in hippocampus

Answer 21

-prevent contextual fear-conditioning.

Question 22

Global Organismic States

Answer 22

-organisms overall physiological and emotional conditions rather than focusing on the isolated ones.

Question 23

Conceptual Model of Emotion
-Primitive Psychological Processes
-Core Effect

Answer 23

-emotions depends on context and culture, not biology.
-primitve psyhc…-not spesific to emotion, general processes for mental life.
-core effect-mental representations of bodily sensations that inform the organism smth in the environment is important.

Question 24

Barret’s Conceptualization
-Valence]
-Arousal

Answer 24

-valence-unpleasant to pleasant
-arousalp-low to high
-how emotions vary based on these dimensions.

Question 25

Roll’s Reinforcement Model

Answer 25

-doesnt discount the role of classical conditioning.
-views emotions as a product of reward and punishment.
-andifferent emotions produce different reinforcements.
-stimuli being able to produce different emotional states arises conflict, which arises guilt or shame.

Question 26

Cognitive Apprasial Rolls

Answer 26

-how individuals interpret situations influences their emotions.

Question 27

Primary reiforcers (pain…) dont produce emotions, secondary reinforcements (stimuli associated w pain) does.

Question 28

In processing emotion

Answer 28

orbifrontal cortex, amygdala, cingulate cortex.

Question 29

In neurochemistry of love;

Answer 29

oxytocin and vasopressin is released.

Question 30

In people who are in love, testesterone;

Answer 30

-increases in females, decreases in males.

Question 31

In love response;

Answer 31

-endorphins, enkephalins, dopamine

Question 32

early exposure to androgens means;

Answer 32

less androgen is required to produce in response to an agressive stimuli.